Calderer Armengou Alba, Dorado Moreno Ana María, Gabriel Torrell Maria Mercè, Hernández Beltrán Rocío, Pérez Fontarosa Alicia, Zapico Sanz Inés
Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí. Sabadell. España.
Instituto Catalán de la Salut. ASSIR Bages-Solsonès. Manresa. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2022 Nov 18;96:e202211086.
Pregnancy is an event in a woman's life with enormous potential to affect her health and the newborn health. The objective of this review was to study the contributions made by the different investigations on nutrition and physical activity (PA) in relation to obstetric and perinatal outcomes, as well as health status in adulthood from 2011 to 2021.
An exploratory review of the literature was carried out. Two blind reviewers performed the search, screening and inclusion of the articles (37).
Bibliographic reviews (35.13%) and descriptive studies (21.6%) were collected. The extracted information was grouped into three thematic areas: health education (HE) (16 articles), diet (12 articles), physical activity (9 articles) and 4 sub-themes: macronutrients; micronutrients; type of exercise and intensity and frequency of exercise. The most reported obstetric and perinatal outcomes were premature birth (37.5%), fetal growth disturbance (37.5%) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (25%).
Results are in line with the published literature. Diet and PA play a relevant role in obstetric and perinatal outcomes, as well as in health status in adulthood. However, it's not clear which is the best educational intervention to improve adherence to a healthy lifestyle during and after pregnancy. This review may have incurred several biases including publication bias and selection bias. Future research on HE in pregnancy should adopt an approach focused on educational interventions that achieve greater adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
怀孕是女性生命中的一个事件，对其自身健康和新生儿健康有着巨大的潜在影响。本综述的目的是研究2011年至2021年期间不同的营养与身体活动（PA）调查对产科和围产期结局以及成年期健康状况的贡献。
进行了文献的探索性综述。两名盲审人员进行文章的检索、筛选和纳入（共37篇）。
收集到文献综述（35.13%）和描述性研究（21.6%）。提取的信息分为三个主题领域：健康教育（HE）（16篇文章）、饮食（12篇文章）、身体活动（9篇文章）以及4个子主题：宏量营养素；微量营养素；运动类型以及运动强度和频率。报告最多的产科和围产期结局是早产（37.5%）、胎儿生长受限（37.5%）和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）（25%）。
结果与已发表的文献一致。饮食和身体活动在产科和围产期结局以及成年期健康状况中发挥着重要作用。然而，尚不清楚哪种教育干预措施最能提高孕期及产后对健康生活方式的依从性。本综述可能存在多种偏倚，包括发表偏倚和选择偏倚。未来关于孕期健康教育的研究应采用一种侧重于能实现更高健康生活方式依从性的教育干预措施的方法。
