Nagore González Carlos, Bueno Lozano Olga, Valle Guillén Sofía, Samper Villagrasa María Pilar, Ventura Faci Purificación, Rodríguez Martínez Gerardo
Sección de Neonatología y Medicina Perinatal del Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain.
J Paediatr Child Health. 2025 Jan;61(1):32-38. doi: 10.1111/jpc.16704. Epub 2024 Oct 23.
Maternal health and gestational control are crucial to improving the newborn's prognosis. This study analyses demographic and obstetric factors at the beginning of pregnancy related to neonatal health, assessing their impact on the risk of hospital admission and prematurity.
Observational retrospective study conducted in Northeast Spain with data of 9560 newborns between February 2017 and February 2022. The following have been evaluated as risk factors for hospital admission: nulliparity, multiple gestation, fertilisation techniques, foreign maternal origin, maternal age, smoking and residential location, dividing the sample according to gestational age. Hypothesis testing and logistic regression were performed.
Nulliparity, fertilisation techniques and multiple gestation represent a risk factor for neonatal admission (OR 22.48, 4.04 and 3.34, respectively), especially in premature newborns <32 weeks of GA (OR: 30.71, 10.71 and 22.76, respectively). Foreign maternal origin also adds risk of admission, both in term newborns (OR 1.26; CI: 1.10-1.43) and in premature babies <32 weeks of GA (OR 1.61; CI: 1.09-2.38). Tobacco does not present a significant risk of neonatal admission. The multivariate analysis model confirms the influence of the following factors in all the studied groups: nulliparity, multiple gestation and foreign maternal origin.
Nulliparity and multiple pregnancies are both main risk factors for neonatal admission and premature delivery. The use of fertilisation techniques and the foreign origin of the mother significantly associate increased risk of admission and neonatal prematurity. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to prenatal care to improve neonatal prognosis and promote long-term health in risk populations.
孕产妇健康和孕期管理对于改善新生儿预后至关重要。本研究分析妊娠初期与新生儿健康相关的人口统计学和产科因素，评估它们对住院风险和早产的影响。
在西班牙东北部进行的一项观察性回顾性研究，纳入了2017年2月至2022年2月期间9560例新生儿的数据。已将以下因素评估为住院风险因素：初产、多胎妊娠、受精技术、母亲为外国籍、母亲年龄、吸烟和居住地点，并根据胎龄对样本进行划分。进行了假设检验和逻辑回归分析。
初产、受精技术和多胎妊娠是新生儿住院的危险因素（OR分别为22.48、4.04和3.34），尤其是在孕龄<32周的早产儿中（OR分别为30.71、10.71和22.76）。母亲为外国籍也增加了住院风险，无论是足月儿（OR 1.26；CI：1.10 - 1.43）还是孕龄<32周的早产儿（OR 1.61；CI：1.09 - 2.38）。吸烟并未呈现出显著的新生儿住院风险。多变量分析模型证实了以下因素在所有研究组中的影响：初产、多胎妊娠和母亲为外国籍。
初产和多胎妊娠都是新生儿住院和早产的主要危险因素。受精技术的使用以及母亲的外国籍与住院风险增加和新生儿早产显著相关。这些发现强调了需要采取综合的产前护理方法来改善新生儿预后，并促进高危人群的长期健康。
