Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2024 Feb;274(1):19-25. doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01529-y. Epub 2022 Dec 2.
It remains unclear how major psychiatric comorbidities and parental psychiatric disorders differ in males and females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Between 2001 and 2011, 17,627 children and 5071 adolescents with ASD (ICD-9-CM code: 299) were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and assessed for major psychiatric comorbidities and parental psychiatric disorders. Compared with females with ASD, males with ASD were more likely to be diagnosed as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (relative risk [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 1.51-1.75) and disruptive behavior disorder (1.38, 1.17-1.62) and less likely to be diagnosed as having schizophrenia (0.45, 0.36-0.56), bipolar disorder (0.58, 0.45-0.74), or intellectual disability (0.53, 0.49-0.58). Furthermore, compared with women, having a parental history of schizophrenia (RR, 95% CI 0.66, 0.49-0.89) or intellectual disability (0.34, 0.19-0.61) was less associated with ASD among men. However, the difference in ASD diagnosis between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10/11-CM systems may reflect the different, but surely overlapping, entity of ASD, which may limit the generalization of our results. Additional studies should be performed.
在自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者中，主要精神共病和父母精神障碍在男性和女性中的差异尚不清楚。2001 年至 2011 年，从台湾全民健康保险研究数据库中确定了 17627 名儿童和 5071 名青少年患有 ASD（ICD-9-CM 代码：299），并评估了他们的主要精神共病和父母精神障碍。与 ASD 女性相比，ASD 男性更有可能被诊断为患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（相对风险 [RR]，95%置信区间 [CI] 1.63，1.51-1.75）和破坏性行为障碍（1.38，1.17-1.62），而不太可能被诊断为患有精神分裂症（0.45，0.36-0.56）、双相情感障碍（0.58，0.45-0.74）或智力障碍（0.53，0.49-0.58）。此外，与女性相比，男性患有精神分裂症（RR，95%CI 0.66，0.49-0.89）或智力障碍（0.34，0.19-0.61）的家族史与 ASD 的相关性较低。然而，ICD-9-CM 和 ICD-10/11-CM 系统之间 ASD 诊断的差异可能反映了 ASD 的不同但肯定重叠的实体，这可能限制了我们研究结果的推广。应该进行更多的研究。
