Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan.
Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2022 Jan;64(1):e12374. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12374.
Multicomponent interventions reduce falls among community-dwelling older adults. However, whether this strategy helps reduce occupational falls among older workers is unclear. This pilot trial tested the safety, adherence, and potential effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention for older workers.
An assessor-blind, parallel-designed randomized controlled trial was conducted in five public employment agencies for seniors in Saitama, Japan. In total, 69 older adults who worked ≥4 days/month were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 35) or control (n = 34) groups. The intervention group was provided a multicomponent intervention consisting of exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial programs once a week for 8 weeks. Safety was evaluated for all adverse events reported by participants. Adherence was assessed by rates for withdrawal/dropout, exercise practice, and nutritional diary completion. The primary outcome was a change in functional strength related to occupational falls. Secondary outcomes included changes in agility, balance, executive function, visuospatial ability, exercise self-efficiency, dietary variety, social network, and functional capacity.
No adverse events were reported by participants. The median withdrawal/dropout, exercise practice, and nutritional diary completion rates were 0%, 80.4%-93.7%, and 100%, respectively. In the adjusted general linear model, the intervention group showed a non-significant but clinically important improvement in functional strength (P value: .081, Cohen's d: 0.57) and significant improvements in agility, balance, and dietary variety compared to the control group.
A multicomponent intervention for older workers would be a safe, acceptable, and effective strategy for improving risk factors for occupational falls.
多组分干预措施可减少社区居住的老年人跌倒。然而，这种策略是否有助于减少老年工人的职业性跌倒尚不清楚。本试验旨在测试多组分干预措施对老年工人的安全性、依从性和潜在效果。
这是一项在日本埼玉县的五个老年人公共就业机构中进行的、评估者设盲、平行设计的随机对照试验。共有 69 名每月工作≥4 天的老年工人被随机分配到干预组（n=35）或对照组（n=34）。干预组每周接受一次包含运动、营养和心理社会方案的多组分干预，共 8 周。对所有参与者报告的不良事件进行安全性评估。通过退出/脱落率、运动练习和营养日记完成率评估依从性。主要结局为与职业性跌倒相关的功能性力量的变化。次要结局包括敏捷性、平衡、执行功能、视空间能力、运动自我效能、饮食多样性、社交网络和功能能力的变化。
无参与者报告不良事件。中位退出/脱落率、运动练习率和营养日记完成率分别为 0%、80.4%-93.7%和 100%。在调整后的一般线性模型中，干预组在功能性力量方面表现出无统计学意义但临床意义显著的改善（P 值：.081，Cohen's d：0.57），在敏捷性、平衡和饮食多样性方面与对照组相比也有显著改善。
多组分干预措施可能是一种安全、可接受且有效的老年工人职业性跌倒风险因素改善策略。
