Schneider André, Leite Luciano Bernardes, Teixeira José, Forte Pedro, Barbosa Tiago M, Monteiro António M
Department of Sports Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 6570-900, Brazil.
Sports (Basel). 2025 May 24;13(6):159. doi: 10.3390/sports13060159.
Aging is associated with physiological changes that increase the risk of falls, impacting functional independence and quality of life. Multicomponent exercise training has emerged as an effective strategy for mitigating these risks by enhancing strength, balance, flexibility, and aerobic capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 30-week multicomponent training program on functional fitness and fall prevention in older women. A parallel, single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with 40 participants (aged ≥ 65 years), divided into an exercise group and a control group. The intervention combined strength, balance, coordination, and aerobic training, following international exercise guidelines for older adults. Functional fitness was assessed using validated tests, including the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, lower limb strength, flexibility, and aerobic endurance measures. Results demonstrated significant improvements in the intervention group, particularly in TUG performance ( < 0.001), lower limb strength ( < 0.001), and flexibility ( < 0.05), indicating enhanced mobility and reduced fall risk. These findings reinforce the importance of structured, multicomponent training programs for aging populations, particularly women, who experience greater musculoskeletal decline due to menopause-related hormonal changes. Future research should explore long-term retention of benefits and optimize intervention strategies. This study highlights the critical role of tailored exercise programs in promoting active aging, improving functional capacity, and reducing healthcare burdens associated with fall-related injuries.
衰老与生理变化相关，这些变化会增加跌倒风险，影响功能独立性和生活质量。多组分运动训练已成为一种有效的策略，可通过增强力量、平衡能力、灵活性和有氧能力来降低这些风险。本研究旨在评估一项为期30周的多组分训练计划对老年女性功能健康和预防跌倒的影响。对40名参与者（年龄≥65岁）进行了一项平行、单盲随机对照试验，将其分为运动组和对照组。干预措施结合了力量、平衡、协调和有氧训练，遵循针对老年人的国际运动指南。使用经过验证的测试评估功能健康，包括计时起立行走（TUG）测试、下肢力量、灵活性和有氧耐力测量。结果表明，干预组有显著改善，尤其是在TUG表现（<0.001）、下肢力量（<0.001）和灵活性（<0.05）方面，表明行动能力增强，跌倒风险降低。这些发现强化了结构化多组分训练计划对老年人群体，特别是女性的重要性，她们由于与更年期相关的激素变化而经历更大的肌肉骨骼衰退。未来的研究应探索益处的长期维持情况并优化干预策略。本研究强调了量身定制的运动计划在促进积极老龄化、改善功能能力以及减轻与跌倒相关伤害的医疗负担方面的关键作用。
