Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Center, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Food and Health Program, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Adv Nutr. 2024 Sep;15(9):100291. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100291. Epub 2024 Aug 19.
An increasing number of cross-sectional studies suggests that diet may impact memory and cognition in healthy older adults. However, randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of whole-diet interventions on memory and cognition in healthy older adults are rather rare, and conflicting results are often reported. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to compile the current evidence regarding the potential effects of whole-diet interventions on 1) memory and 2) other cognitive outcomes in older adults. Studies that reported on randomized controlled trials with dietary interventions in healthy older adults (≥60 y) were included. Studies utilizing supplements, single food items, or trials in specific patient groups (i.e., neurodegenerative diagnoses) were excluded. For the 23 included articles, the main outcomes examined fell into 1 or more of the following categories: cognitive task-based outcomes related to memory, other cognitive task-based outcomes, and additional outcomes related to cognitive function or disease risk. Three of the studies that investigated dietary interventions alone and 2 multidomain studies showed positive effects on memory function, whereas 5 multidomain interventions and 1 intervention that focused on diet alone showed positive effects on other cognitive outcomes. The effect of randomized, controlled whole-diet interventions on memory and cognitive function in healthy older adults is modest and inconclusive, highlighting the need for more well-designed, sufficiently powered studies. Furthermore, the potential mechanisms by which diet impacts cognition in healthy aging need to be elucidated. This systematic review is registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022329759.
越来越多的横断面研究表明，饮食可能会影响健康老年人的记忆力和认知能力。然而，针对健康老年人全饮食干预对记忆和认知影响的随机对照试验相当罕见，且经常报告相互矛盾的结果。因此，进行了一项系统综述，以综合目前关于全饮食干预对 1）记忆力和 2）老年人其他认知结果的潜在影响的证据。纳入了报告健康老年人（≥60 岁）进行饮食干预的随机对照试验的研究。排除了使用补充剂、单一食物或特定患者群体（即神经退行性疾病诊断）试验的研究。对于纳入的 23 篇文章，主要检查结果属于以下 1 个或多个类别：与记忆相关的认知任务为基础的结果、其他认知任务为基础的结果，以及与认知功能或疾病风险相关的其他结果。单独研究饮食干预的 3 项研究和 2 项多领域研究显示对记忆功能有积极影响，而 5 项多领域干预和 1 项仅关注饮食的干预对其他认知结果有积极影响。随机对照全饮食干预对健康老年人记忆力和认知功能的影响适度且不确定，突出表明需要更多设计良好、有足够效力的研究。此外，需要阐明饮食影响健康衰老认知的潜在机制。本系统综述已在 PROSPERO 中注册，注册号为 CRD42022329759。
