Perspect Biol Med. 2022;65(4):569-585. doi: 10.1353/pbm.2022.0048.
Many of humanity's most serious problems are global, intergenerational, and ecological, yet current institutions are poorly placed to confront such problems. In part, this institutional challenge reflects difficulties with our basic concepts and theories. Bioethics is a central area where such questions arise. Although some have argued for an environmentalized bioethics since its inception, biomedicine has thus far failed to embrace the challenge, and some accuse most bioethicists of being "asleep at the wheel" (Schenck and Churchill 2021). This paper discusses the basic ethical challenge, offers the "perfect moral storm" analysis, and explores one promising new concept for bioethics, planetary health, in light of that analysis. Drawing on the foundational report of the Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission (Whitmee et al. 2015) and using climate change as the example, the author argues that planetary health has significant strengths but also some weaknesses, and that identifying both is helpful in charting a path forward for environmentalized bioethics.
许多人类最严重的问题是全球性的、代际性的和生态性的,但当前的制度在应对这些问题方面表现不佳。部分原因是这些制度挑战反映了我们基本概念和理论上的困难。生物伦理学是出现这些问题的一个核心领域。尽管从一开始就有人主张将环境纳入生物伦理学,但到目前为止,生物医学尚未接受这一挑战,一些人指责大多数生物伦理学家“在车轮上睡着了”(Schenck 和 Churchill 2021)。本文讨论了基本的伦理挑战,提供了“完美的道德风暴”分析,并根据该分析探讨了生物伦理学的一个有前途的新概念,即行星健康。本文借鉴了洛克菲勒基金会-柳叶刀委员会的基础报告(Whitmee 等人,2015),并以气候变化为例,作者认为行星健康具有显著的优势,但也存在一些弱点,确定这两者有助于为环境生物伦理学指明前进的道路。