Surma Stanisław, Sahebkar Amirhossein, Banach Maciej
Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran.
Pharmacol Res. 2023 Jan;187:106596. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106596. Epub 2022 Dec 5.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Inflammation and its biomarkers, like C-reactive protein (CRP), among the risk factors, such as hypertension, lipid disorders, and diabetes, may be also responsible for the residual cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Modern lipid-lowering treatment with statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, or bempedoic acid does not fully protect against inflammation. The recommendations of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP) indicate selected nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory properties. Diet may have a significant impact on inflammation. Especially interesting in the context of inflammation is the consumption of coffee and tea. These drinks in many observational studies significantly reduced cardiovascular risk and mortality. The question is whether the anti-inflammatory effects of these drinks contribute significantly to the observed clinical effects. Thus, in this narrative review, we primarily discuss the anti-inflammatory properties of consuming tea and coffee. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the studies and their meta-analyses, inconsistent results were obtained, which makes it impossible to conclusively state how clinically significant the potential anti-inflammatory properties of black and green tea and coffee are. A number of confounding factors can cause the inconsistency of the available results. Consumption of tea and coffee appears to increase adiponectin concentrations, decrease reactive oxygen species, decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations (effect of green tea, etc.). Despite the still uncertain anti-inflammatory effect of tea and coffee, we recommend their consumption as a part of the healthy diet.
动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）是全球过早死亡的主要原因。在高血压、脂质紊乱和糖尿病等风险因素中，炎症及其生物标志物，如C反应蛋白（CRP），可能也是残余心血管疾病（CVD）风险的原因。使用他汀类药物、依泽替米贝、前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶kexin 9型（PCSK9）抑制剂或贝派地酸进行的现代降脂治疗并不能完全预防炎症。国际脂质专家小组（ILEP）的建议指出了具有抗炎特性的特定营养保健品。饮食可能对炎症有重大影响。在炎症背景下，尤其值得关注的是咖啡和茶的消费。在许多观察性研究中，这些饮品显著降低了心血管风险和死亡率。问题在于这些饮品的抗炎作用是否对所观察到的临床效果有显著贡献。因此，在本叙述性综述中，我们主要讨论饮用茶和咖啡的抗炎特性。基于对这些研究及其荟萃分析的全面分析，得到的结果并不一致，这使得我们无法确凿地说明红茶、绿茶和咖啡潜在的抗炎特性在临床上的显著程度如何。许多混杂因素可能导致现有结果的不一致。饮用茶和咖啡似乎会增加脂联素浓度、降低活性氧、降低低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇浓度（绿茶等的作用）。尽管茶和咖啡的抗炎作用仍不确定，但我们建议将其作为健康饮食的一部分来饮用。
