State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China.
College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Feb 1;318:120768. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120768. Epub 2022 Dec 3.
This study provides the first data on the distribution, sources, and transport dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica via summertime analyses of lakes, seawater, snow, and air in 2013. Relatively high PAH levels and similar composition profiles (dominance of two- and three-ring PAHs) in the investigated marine and terrestrial environmental matrices were found, indicating substantial primary emissions of petrogenic PAHs. This result was corroborated by nonequilibrium partitioning of atmospheric PAHs caused by release of anthropically-derived lighter PAHs and air mass movement trajectories mainly originated from the Antarctic marginal seas. Notable geographical disparities of PAH pollution in the various types of samples consistently suggested impacts of station-related activities, rather than long-range atmospheric transport, on PAHs in Fildes Peninsula. The lack for temperature dependence for gas-phase concentrations and various molecular diagnostic ratios of atmospheric PAHs demonstrated that the impact of local anthropogenic inputs on air PAH variability supersedes the re-emission effect. The derived air-water and air-snow exchanges of PAHs in this remote region indicated a disequilibrium state, partially associated with intense local emissions of PAHs. PAH outgassing from, and absorption into, lake and marine waters were both observed, probably due to differences in anthropogenic influences among sites, while the net deposition of gaseous PAHs into snow prevailed. The results of this study shed lights on the major importance of native anthropogenic sources in the footprint and fate of PAHs in the Fildes Peninsula, which merits further monitoring.
本研究通过 2013 年夏季对湖泊、海水、雪和空气的分析，提供了南极菲尔德斯半岛多环芳烃（PAHs）的分布、来源和输运动态的首批数据。在所研究的海洋和陆地环境矩阵中发现了相对较高的 PAH 水平和相似的组成分布（以双环和三环 PAH 为主），表明存在大量源自石油的 PAH 的原生排放。这一结果得到了大气 PAHs 的非平衡分配的证实，这是由于人为衍生的较轻 PAHs 的释放和主要源自南极边缘海域的空气团运动轨迹导致的。各种类型样品中 PAH 污染的显著地理差异一致表明，与站相关的活动而非远距离大气传输对菲尔德斯半岛的 PAHs 有影响。大气 PAHs 的气相浓度和各种分子诊断比与温度无关，表明当地人为输入对空气 PAH 变异性的影响超过了再排放效应。在这个偏远地区，PAHs 的气-水和气-雪交换表明处于不平衡状态，部分原因是各站点之间人为影响的差异，而气态 PAHs 向雪的净沉积则占主导地位。本研究的结果表明，在菲尔德斯半岛 PAHs 的足迹和命运中，本地人为源的重要性不可忽视，值得进一步监测。
