Kim M H, Mindorff C, Patrick M L, Gold R, Ford-Jones E L
Infect Control. 1987 May;8(5):195-9. doi: 10.1017/s0195941700065930.
In a prospective 12-month study at a university-affiliated pediatric hospital, isolation usage was quantitated by ward/service, season, isolation category and type of infection (community-acquired vs nosocomial). Such information may be helpful in designing hospitals, recognizing time utilization of the pediatric infection control nurse, and defining educational and isolation needs. Hospitals with multiple bed rooms and inadequate numbers of single rooms may be unable to meet current federal isolation guidelines. The mean number of isolation days was 153 per 1000 patient days or 15.3% of bed days used. This ranged from 18.5% on the infant/toddler/preschool medical ward to 2.8% on child/teenage orthopedic surgery. Isolation requirements vary seasonally and rose to 32% in winter on one ward. Proportional frequencies of isolation category included enteric--29%, protective--28%, strict--16%, barrier (contact)--10%, multiply resistant organism (MRO)--8%, wound--5%, pregnant women (careful handwashing)--3%, blood and body fluid precautions--1%. Isolation of patients with and contacts of nosocomial infections account for 32% of isolation usage. During one third of the 365-day year, the hospital is unable to provide adequate numbers of single rooms for one to 20 patients.
在一所大学附属医院进行的为期12个月的前瞻性研究中，根据病房/科室、季节、隔离类别以及感染类型（社区获得性感染与医院感染）对隔离措施的使用情况进行了量化。这些信息可能有助于医院设计、了解儿科感染控制护士的时间利用情况以及确定教育和隔离需求。拥有多个病房且单人房间数量不足的医院可能无法满足当前联邦隔离指南的要求。隔离天数的平均值为每1000个患者日153天，占使用床日数的15.3%。这一比例在婴幼儿/学龄前儿童内科病房为18.5%，在儿童/青少年骨科手术病房为2.8%。隔离需求随季节变化，在一个病房冬季时升至32%。隔离类别的比例频率包括肠道隔离——29%，保护性隔离——28%，严格隔离——16%，屏障（接触）隔离——10%，多重耐药菌（MRO）隔离——8%，伤口隔离——5%，孕妇（加强洗手）隔离——3%，血液和体液预防隔离——1%。医院感染患者及其接触者的隔离占隔离使用量的32%。在一年365天中的三分之一时间里，医院无法为1至20名患者提供足够数量的单人房间。
