Applied Sciences Branch, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States.
Data Analytics Branch, Division of Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States.
J Safety Res. 2022 Dec;83:419-426. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.10.001. Epub 2022 Oct 18.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects how the brain functions and remains a prominent cause of death in the United States. Although preventable, anyone can experience a TBI and epidemiological research suggests some groups have worse health outcomes following the injury.
We analyzed 2020 multiple-cause-of-death data from the National Vital Statistics System to describe TBI mortality by geography, sociodemographic characteristics, mechanism of injury (MOI), and injury intent. Deaths were included if they listed an injury International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) underlying cause of death code and a TBI-related ICD-10 code in one of the multiple-cause-of-death fields.
During 2020, 64,362 TBI-related deaths occurred and age-adjusted rates, per 100,000 population, were highest among persons residing in the South (20.2). Older adults (≥75) displayed the highest number and rate of TBI-related deaths compared with other age groups and unintentional falls and suicide were the leading external causes among this older age group. The age-adjusted rate of TBI-related deaths in males was more than three times the rate of females (28.3 versus 8.4, respectively); further, males displayed higher numbers and age-adjusted rates compared with females for all the principal MOIs that contributed to a TBI-related death. American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic (AI/AN) persons had the highest age-adjusted rate (29.0) of TBI-related deaths when compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Suicide was the leading external cause of injury contributing to a TBI-related death among AI/AN persons.
Prevention efforts targeting older adult falls and suicide are warranted to reduce disparities in TBI mortality among older adults and AI/AN persons. Effective strategies are described in CDC's Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, & Injuries (STEADI) initiative to reduce older adult falls and CDC's Preventing Suicide: A Technical Package of Policy, Programs, and Practices for the best available evidence in suicide prevention.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）会影响大脑的功能，仍是美国主要的死亡原因。尽管 TBI 是可以预防的，但任何人都可能经历 TBI，且流行病学研究表明，一些群体在受伤后健康状况更差。
我们分析了 2020 年国家生命统计系统的多原因死亡数据，以描述地理、社会人口特征、损伤机制（MOI）和损伤意图的 TBI 死亡率。如果死亡记录列出了损伤国际疾病分类，第十次修订版（ICD-10）的根本死因代码和 ICD-10 代码中一个多原因死亡字段中的一个 TBI 相关代码，则将其包含在死亡中。
2020 年，有 64362 例与 TBI 相关的死亡，每 10 万人的年龄调整率在南部最高（20.2）。与其他年龄组相比，年龄在 75 岁及以上的老年人的 TBI 相关死亡人数和比率最高，而老年人中最常见的外部原因是意外跌倒和自杀。与女性（分别为 28.3 和 8.4）相比，男性的 TBI 相关死亡率的年龄调整率超过女性的三倍；此外，与女性相比，所有导致 TBI 相关死亡的主要 MOI 中，男性的数量和年龄调整率都更高。与其他种族和族裔群体相比，美国印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民（AI/AN）的 TBI 相关死亡的年龄调整率最高（29.0）。自杀是导致 AI/AN 人群 TBI 相关死亡的首要外部原因。
针对老年人跌倒和自杀的预防措施是必要的，以减少老年人和 AI/AN 人群中 TBI 死亡率的差异。CDC 的 Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, & Injuries (STEADI) 计划旨在减少老年人跌倒，CDC 的 Preventing Suicide: A Technical Package of Policy, Programs, and Practices 提供了预防自杀的最佳可用证据，这些计划都为预防 TBI 提供了有效的策略。
