Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 22;13:1038096. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038096. eCollection 2022.
High grade gliomas are identified as malignant central nervous tumors that spread rapidly and have a universally poor prognosis. Historically high grade gliomas in the pediatric population have been treated similarly to adult high grade gliomas. For the first time, the most recent classification of central nervous system tumors by World Health Organization has divided adult from pediatric type diffuse high grade gliomas, underscoring the biologic differences between these tumors in different age groups. The objective of our review is to compare high grade gliomas in the adult versus pediatric patient populations, highlighting similarities and differences in epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches. High grade gliomas in adults versus children have varying clinical presentations, molecular biology background, and response to chemotherapy, as well as unique molecular targets. However, increasing evidence show that they both respond to recently developed immunotherapies. This review summarizes the distinctions and commonalities between the two in disease pathogenesis and response to therapeutic interventions with a focus on immunotherapy.
高级别胶质瘤被定义为恶性中枢神经系统肿瘤，其具有快速扩散和普遍不良预后的特点。在历史上，儿科人群中的高级别胶质瘤的治疗方法与成人高级别胶质瘤相似。首次，世界卫生组织（World Health Organization）对中枢神经系统肿瘤的最新分类将成人和儿童型弥漫性高级别胶质瘤区分开来，强调了不同年龄组之间这些肿瘤在生物学上的差异。我们的综述旨在比较成人和儿科患者人群中的高级别胶质瘤，突出流行病学、病因学、发病机制和治疗方法方面的相似性和差异性。成人和儿童的高级别胶质瘤在临床表现、分子生物学背景和对化疗的反应，以及独特的分子靶点上均有所不同。然而，越来越多的证据表明，它们都对最近开发的免疫疗法有反应。本综述总结了这两种疾病在发病机制和对治疗干预的反应方面的差异和共同点，重点关注免疫治疗。
