Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Nov 25;23(23):14750. doi: 10.3390/ijms232314750.
Numerous benefits have been attributed to alkaline-electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW). Sometimes these claims are associated with easily debunked concepts. The observed benefits have been conjectured to be due to the intrinsic properties of ERW (e.g., negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), alkaline pH, H gas), as well enigmatic characteristics (e.g., altered water structure, microclusters, free electrons, active hydrogen, mineral hydrides). The associated pseudoscientific marketing has contributed to the reluctance of mainstream science to accept ERW as having biological effects. Finally, through many in vitro and in vivo studies, each one of these propositions was examined and refuted one-by-one until it was conclusively demonstrated that H was the exclusive agent responsible for both the negative ORP and the observed therapeutic effects of ERW. This article briefly apprised the history of ERW and comprehensively reviewed the sequential research demonstrating the importance of H. We illustrated that the effects of ERW could be readily explained by the known biological effects of H and by utilizing conventional chemistry without requiring any metaphysical conjecture (e.g., microclustering, free electrons, etc.) or reliance on implausible notions (e.g., alkaline water neutralizes acidic waste). The H concentration of ERW should be measured to ensure it is comparable to those used in clinical studies.
碱性电解还原水（ERW）有许多好处。有时这些说法与很容易被揭穿的概念有关。据推测，观察到的好处是由于 ERW 的固有特性（例如，负氧化还原电位（ORP）、碱性 pH 值、H 气体）以及神秘的特性（例如，改变的水结构、微团、自由电子、活性氢、矿物氢化物）所致。相关的伪科学营销导致主流科学界不愿意接受 ERW 具有生物学效应。最后，通过许多体外和体内研究，逐一检查和驳斥了这些主张，直到最终证明 H 是唯一负责 ERW 的负 ORP 和观察到的治疗效果的物质。本文简要介绍了 ERW 的历史，并全面回顾了证明 H 的重要性的连续研究。我们表明，ERW 的作用可以通过 H 的已知生物学作用以及利用常规化学来很容易地解释，而无需任何形而上学的推测（例如，微团簇、自由电子等）或依赖于不可信的概念（例如，碱性水可以中和酸性废物）。应该测量 ERW 的 H 浓度，以确保其与临床研究中使用的浓度相当。
