Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 26;14(23):5033. doi: 10.3390/nu14235033.
Emerging antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections requires novel intervention strategies. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) are a diverse group of carbohydrates with broad protective effects. In addition to promoting the colonization of beneficial gut microbiota and maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, NDOs act as decoy receptors, effectively blocking the attachment of pathogens on host cells. NDOs also function as a bacteriostatic agent, inhibiting the growth of specific pathogenic bacteria. Based on this fact, NDOs potentiate the actions of antimicrobial drugs. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in characterizing the anti-infective properties of NDOs. This focused review provides insights into the mechanisms by which representative NDOs may suppress respiratory infections by targeting pathogens and host cells. We summarized the most interesting mechanisms of NDOs, including maintenance of gut microbiota homeostasis, interference with TLR-mediated signaling, anti-oxidative effects and bacterial toxin neutralization, bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, and anti-adhesion or anti-invasive properties. A detailed understanding of anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs against respiratory pathogens may contribute to the development of add-on therapy or alternatives to antimicrobials.
新兴的呼吸道感染抗菌药物耐药性需要新的干预策略。不可消化寡糖（NDOs）是一组具有广泛保护作用的碳水化合物。除了促进有益肠道微生物群的定植和维持肠道内稳态外，NDOs 还可以作为诱饵受体，有效阻止病原体附着在宿主细胞上。NDOs 还具有抑菌作用，抑制特定致病菌的生长。基于这一事实，NDOs 增强了抗菌药物的作用。因此，人们越来越感兴趣的是研究 NDOs 的抗感染特性。本综述重点介绍了代表性 NDOs 通过靶向病原体和宿主细胞来抑制呼吸道感染的作用机制。我们总结了 NDOs 最有趣的作用机制，包括维持肠道微生物群内稳态、干扰 TLR 介导的信号转导、抗氧化作用和细菌毒素中和、抑菌和杀菌作用以及抗黏附和抗侵袭特性。详细了解 NDOs 对呼吸道病原体的抗感染机制可能有助于开发附加治疗或替代抗菌药物的方法。
