从 COVID-19 大流行中学到的关于药物滥用服务的经验教训：一项同行主导研究的结果。
Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic for substance misuse services: findings from a peer-led study.
机构信息
University of South Wales, Caerleon, Wales.
出版信息
Harm Reduct J. 2022 Dec 12;19(1):140. doi: 10.1186/s12954-022-00713-6.
BACKGROUND
The measures implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus disrupted the provision of substance misuse treatment and support. However, little is known about the impact of this disruption on individuals seeking treatment for drug- and/or alcohol-related problems (henceforth service users). This study aimed to help substance misuse services learn lessons and identify ways of optimising delivery and minimising harm in the event of any future lockdowns or global crises.
METHODS
The study was co-produced by a team of peer researchers, practitioners, policymakers and academics. Telephone interviews were conducted with 202 substance misuse service users over a 6-month period commencing June 2020. The interviews were conducted by a small group of seven peer researchers each with lived experience of substance use problems. The interview data were recorded by the peers in an anonymous online questionnaire survey and analysed using standard quantitative and qualitative methods.
RESULTS
Service users responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in a variety of ways. Diverse responses were noted in relation to their substance use patterns, their personal lives and their substance misuse treatment experiences. For some, the pandemic acted as a new risk environment factor that increased their vulnerability to substance-related harm. For others, it facilitated aspects of the enabling environment, thereby reducing the risk of harm.
CONCLUSIONS
Service users are not a homogenous group, and an individualised approach to treatment that recognises the potential for varied responses to the same stimuli is needed. The findings suggest that service users would benefit from having a choice in how they access treatment and from greater access to outreach programmes that take treatments and harm reduction tools such as naloxone into the community. The research also supports the involvement of people with lived experience in substance use research, policy and practice.
背景
为遏制 COVID-19 病毒传播而采取的措施打乱了物质滥用治疗和支持的提供。然而，对于这种中断对寻求药物和/或酒精相关问题治疗的个人（以下简称服务使用者）的影响知之甚少。本研究旨在帮助物质滥用服务机构吸取教训，并确定在未来任何封锁或全球危机发生时优化服务交付和减少危害的方法。
方法
该研究由一组同行研究人员、从业者、政策制定者和学者共同开展。在 2020 年 6 月开始的 6 个月期间，对 202 名物质滥用服务使用者进行了电话访谈。访谈由一组 7 名同行研究人员进行，他们每个人都有物质使用问题的亲身经历。访谈数据由同行在匿名在线问卷调查中记录，并使用标准的定量和定性方法进行分析。
结果
服务使用者以多种方式应对 COVID-19 大流行。在他们的物质使用模式、个人生活和物质滥用治疗经历方面，注意到了不同的反应。对于一些人来说，大流行是一个新的风险环境因素，增加了他们与物质相关的伤害风险。对于其他人来说，它促进了有利环境的方面，从而降低了伤害的风险。
结论
服务使用者不是一个同质的群体，需要采取个体化的治疗方法，认识到对相同刺激的反应可能存在差异。研究结果表明，服务使用者将受益于有选择如何接受治疗的机会，并更多地获得外联方案，将治疗和减少伤害工具（如纳洛酮）带入社区。该研究还支持将有物质使用经验的人纳入物质使用研究、政策和实践。
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