Zhang Di, Dong Shengkun, Chen Li, Xiao Rong, Chu Wenhai
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Apr;126:378-386. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.05.003. Epub 2022 May 15.
Quantification of regulated and emerging disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pool water, as well as the assessment of their lifetime health risk are limited in China. In this study, the occurrence of regulated DBPs (e.g., trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids) and emerging DBPs (e.g., haloacetonitriles, haloacetaldehydes) in indoor swimming pool water and the corresponding source water at a city in Eastern China were determined. The concentrations of DBPs in swimming pool water were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that in source water. Lifetime cancer and non-cancer risks of DBPs stemming from swimming pool water were also estimated. Inhalation and dermal exposure were the most significant exposure routes related to swimming pool DBP cancer and non-cancer risks. For the first time, buccal and aural exposure were considered, and were proven to be important routes of DBP exposure (accounting for 17.9%-38.9% of total risk). The cancer risks of DBPs for all swimmers were higher than 10 of lifetime exposure risk recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency, and the competitive adult swimmers experienced the highest cancer risk (7.82 × 10). These findings provide important information and perspectives for future efforts to lower the health risks associated with exposure to DBPs in swimming pool water.
中国对游泳池水中常规及新出现的消毒副产物（DBPs）的定量分析以及对其终生健康风险的评估尚显不足。本研究测定了中国东部某城市室内游泳池水及其相应水源水中常规DBPs（如三卤甲烷、卤乙酸）和新出现的DBPs（如卤乙腈、卤乙醛）的含量。游泳池水中DBPs的浓度比水源水中高1 - 2个数量级。还估算了游泳池水产生的DBPs的终生致癌风险和非致癌风险。吸入和皮肤接触是与游泳池DBP致癌和非致癌风险相关的最主要暴露途径。首次考虑了口腔和耳部接触，并证明其是DBP暴露的重要途径（占总风险的17.9% - 38.9%）。所有游泳者的DBP致癌风险均高于美国环境保护局推荐的终生暴露风险的10 ，竞技成年游泳者的致癌风险最高（7.82×10）。这些研究结果为未来降低与接触游泳池水中DBPs相关的健康风险提供了重要信息和观点。
