DESP, Nancy Université - Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye BP 184, 54 505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2011 Nov;214(6):461-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.07.012. Epub 2011 Sep 1.
Increased attendance at swimming pools is correlated with higher input of organic and minerals pollutants introduced by swimmers in the swimming pool water. In most swimming pools, microbiological control is performed by disinfection with the addition of chlorine. Chlorine is now well-known to lead to the formation of many disinfection by-products (DBPs) including trihalomethanes and chloramines. The hypothesis of a link between the presence of eye and skin irritation syndromes in swimmers and contact with swimming pool water treated with chlorine was initially proposed by Mood (1953). During recent decades many epidemiological studies have described the importance of DBPs generated with natural or imported organic matter present in water. Many of these DBPs are suspected to be toxic or even carcinogenic. Trihalomethanes and haloacetic acid families are the most studied but others DBPs, like chloral hydrate, haloacetonitriles, N-nitrosodimethylamine and the bromate ion, are emerging compounds of interest. Epidemiological data about the risk of cancer are still controversial. However, numerous publications highlight a toxic risk especially the risk of allergy and respiratory symptoms for babies and elite swimmers. The few publications dedicated to risk assessment do not suggest increased risk, other than for elite swimmers. These publications are likely to underestimate the risk associated with DBPs because of the lack of data in the literature precludes the calculation of risk associated with certain compounds or certain pathways. Thus for regulations, the need to take into account the risks associated with disinfection by-products is now important without forgetting the need of the control of microbiological hazards in swimming pools.
游泳池内游泳人数的增加与游泳者带入泳池水中的有机污染物和矿物质污染物的输入量增加有关。在大多数游泳池中，通过添加氯进行消毒来进行微生物控制。氯现在众所周知会导致许多消毒副产物（DBP）的形成，包括三卤甲烷和氯胺。最初由 Mood（1953 年）提出了游泳者眼部和皮肤刺激综合征的存在与接触用氯处理的游泳池水之间存在联系的假设。在最近几十年中，许多流行病学研究描述了水中存在的天然或进口有机物产生的 DBP 的重要性。许多这些 DBP 被怀疑具有毒性甚至致癌性。三卤甲烷和卤乙酸家族是研究最多的，但其他 DBP，如氯仿、卤乙腈、N-亚硝基二甲胺和溴酸盐，是新兴的关注化合物。关于癌症风险的流行病学数据仍然存在争议。然而，许多出版物强调了特别是婴儿和精英游泳者的过敏和呼吸道症状的毒性风险。少数专门针对风险评估的出版物并未表明风险增加，除了对精英游泳者。这些出版物可能低估了与 DBP 相关的风险，因为文献中缺乏数据使得无法计算与某些化合物或某些途径相关的风险。因此，对于法规，现在需要考虑与消毒副产物相关的风险，而不要忘记游泳池中微生物危害的控制。
