Jian Shiyan, Zhang Limeng, Ding Ning, Yang Kang, Xin Zhongquan, Hu Minhua, Zhou Zhidong, Zhao Zhihong, Deng Baichuan, Deng Jinping
Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
Guangzhou Qingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Nov 25;13:1044986. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1044986. eCollection 2022.
Black soldier fly () larvae (BSFL) act as a biological system converting organic waste into protein and fat with great potential application as pet food. To evaluate the feasibility of BSFL as a protein and fat source, 20 healthy beagle dogs were fed three dietary treatments for 65 days, including (1) a basal diet group (CON group), (2) a basal diet that replaced 20% chicken meal with defatted black soldier fly larvae protein group (DBP group), and (3) a basal diet that replaced 8% mixed oil with black soldier fly larvae fat group (BF group). This study demonstrated that the serum biochemical parameters among the three groups were within the normal range. No difference ( > 0.05) was observed in body weight, body condition score, or antioxidant capacity among the three groups. The mean IFN-γ level in the BF group was lower than that in the CON group, but there was no significant difference ( > 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the DBP group had decreasing ( < 0.05) apparent crude protein and organic matter digestibility. Furthermore, the DBP group had decreasing ( < 0.05) fecal propionate, butyrate, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), isobutyrate, isovalerate, and total branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and increased ( < 0.05) fecal pH. Nevertheless, there was no difference ( > 0.05) in SCFAs or BCFAs between the CON and BF groups. The fecal microbiota revealed that , , , and were significantly enriched in the DBP group, and and were significantly enriched in the BF group. The fecal metabolome showed that the DBP group significantly influenced 18 metabolic pathways. Integrating biological and statistical correlation analysis on differential fecal microbiota and metabolites between the CON and DBP groups found that , , and were positively associated with biotin. In addition, , , , and were positively associated with niacinamide, phenylalanine acid, fumaric acid, and citrulline and negatively associated with cadavrine, putrescine, saccharopine, and butyrate. In all, 20% DBP restrained the apparent CP and OM digestibility, thereby affecting hindgut microbial metabolism. In contrast, 8% BF in the dog diet showed no adverse effects on body condition, apparent nutrient digestibility, fecal microbiota, or metabolic profiles. Our findings are conducive to opening a new avenue for the exploitation of DBP and BF as protein and fat resources in dog food.
黑水虻幼虫作为一种生物系统，可将有机废物转化为蛋白质和脂肪，在宠物食品领域具有巨大的应用潜力。为评估黑水虻幼虫作为蛋白质和脂肪来源的可行性，选取20只健康的比格犬，分别给予三种日粮处理，为期65天，包括：（1）基础日粮组（CON组）；（2）用脱脂黑水虻幼虫蛋白替代20%鸡肉粉的基础日粮组（DBP组）；（3）用黑水虻幼虫脂肪替代8%混合油的基础日粮组（BF组）。本研究表明，三组犬的血清生化指标均在正常范围内。三组犬在体重、体况评分或抗氧化能力方面均未观察到差异（P>0.05）。BF组犬的平均IFN-γ水平低于CON组，但差异不显著（P>0.05）。与CON组相比，DBP组犬的表观粗蛋白和有机物消化率降低（P<0.05）。此外，DBP组犬粪便中的丙酸、丁酸、总短链脂肪酸（SCFA）、异丁酸、异戊酸和总分支链脂肪酸（BCFA）含量降低（P<0.05），粪便pH值升高（P<0.05）。然而，CON组和BF组犬在SCFA或BCFA方面没有差异（P>0.05）。粪便微生物群分析显示，DBP组中，[具体菌属1]、[具体菌属2]、[具体菌属3]和[具体菌属4]显著富集，BF组中，[具体菌属5]和[具体菌属6]显著富集。粪便代谢组学分析表明，DBP组显著影响了18条代谢途径。对CON组和DBP组之间粪便微生物群和代谢物差异进行生物学和统计相关性分析发现，[具体菌属1]、[具体菌属2]和[具体菌属3]与生物素呈正相关。此外，[具体菌属4]、[具体菌属5]、[具体菌属6]和[具体菌属7]与烟酰胺、苯丙氨酸、富马酸和瓜氨酸呈正相关，与尸胺、腐胺、酵母氨酸和丁酸呈负相关。总体而言，20%的DBP会抑制表观粗蛋白和有机物的消化率，从而影响后肠微生物代谢。相比之下，犬日粮中8%的BF对犬的体况、表观养分消化率、粪便微生物群或代谢谱没有不良影响。我们的研究结果有助于为将DBP和BF开发为犬粮中的蛋白质和脂肪资源开辟一条新途径。
