Pinto Pereira Snehal M, Shafran Roz, Nugawela Manjula D, Panagi Laura, Hargreaves Dougal, Ladhani Shamez N, Bennett Sophie D, Chalder Trudie, Dalrymple Emma, Ford Tamsin, Heyman Isobel, McOwat Kelsey, Rojas Natalia K, Sharma Kishan, Simmons Ruth, White Simon R, Stephenson Terence
Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023 Feb;25:100554. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100554. Epub 2022 Dec 5.
Despite high numbers of children and young people (CYP) having acute COVID, there has been no prospective follow-up of CYP to establish the pattern of health and well-being over a year following infection.
A non-hospitalised, national sample of 5086 (2909 SARS-COV-2 Positive; 2177 SARS-COV-2 Negative at baseline) CYP aged 11-17 completed questionnaires 6- and 12-months after PCR-tests between October 2020 and March 2021 confirming SARS-CoV-2 infection (excluding CYP with subsequent (re)infections). SARS-COV-2 Positive CYP was compared to age, sex and geographically-matched test-negative CYP.
Ten of 21 symptoms had a prevalence less than 10% at baseline, 6- and 12-months post-test in both test-positives and test-negatives. Of the other 11 symptoms, in test-positives who had these at baseline, the prevalence of all symptoms declined greatly by 12-months. For CYP first describing one of these at 6-months, there was a decline in prevalence by 12-months. The overall prevalence of 9 of 11 symptoms declined by 12-months. As many CYP first described shortness of breath and tiredness at either 6- or 12-months, the overall prevalence of these two symptoms in test-positives appeared to increase by 6-months and increase further by 12-months. However, within-individual examination demonstrated that the prevalence of shortness of breath and tiredness actually declined in those first describing these two symptoms at either baseline or 6-months. This pattern was also evident for these two symptoms in test-negatives. Similar patterns were observed for validated measures of poor quality of life, emotional and behavioural difficulties, poor well-being and fatigue. Moreover, broadly similar patterns and results were noted for the sub-sample (N = 1808) that had data at baseline, 3-, 6- and 12-months post-test.
In CYP, the prevalence of adverse symptoms reported at the time of a positive PCR-test declined over 12-months. Some test-positives and test-negatives reported adverse symptoms for the first time at six- and 12-months post-test, particularly tiredness, shortness of breath, poor quality of life, poor well-being and fatigue suggesting they are likely to be caused by multiple factors.
NIHR/UKRI (ref: COVLT0022).
尽管有大量儿童和青少年感染了新冠急性病，但尚未对他们进行前瞻性随访，以确定感染后一年的健康和幸福状况模式。
2020年10月至2021年3月期间，对5086名11至17岁的非住院儿童和青少年（2909名新冠病毒检测呈阳性；2177名基线时新冠病毒检测呈阴性）进行了全国性抽样，他们在PCR检测确诊感染新冠病毒后6个月和12个月完成了问卷调查（不包括随后再次感染的儿童和青少年）。将新冠病毒检测呈阳性的儿童和青少年与年龄、性别和地理位置匹配的检测呈阴性的儿童和青少年进行比较。
21种症状中有10种在基线、检测后6个月和12个月时，检测呈阳性和检测呈阴性的人群中患病率均低于10%。在基线时出现其他11种症状的检测呈阳性者中，所有症状的患病率到12个月时大幅下降。对于在6个月时首次出现这些症状之一的儿童和青少年，到12个月时患病率下降。11种症状中有9种的总体患病率到12个月时下降。由于许多儿童和青少年在6个月或12个月时首次出现呼吸急促和疲劳症状，检测呈阳性者中这两种症状的总体患病率在6个月时似乎有所上升，并在12个月时进一步上升。然而，个体内部检查表明，在基线或6个月时首次出现这两种症状的人群中，呼吸急促和疲劳的患病率实际上有所下降。检测呈阴性者中这两种症状也呈现类似模式。在生活质量差、情绪和行为困难、幸福感差和疲劳的有效测量指标方面也观察到类似模式。此外，对于在基线、检测后3个月、6个月和12个月有数据的子样本（N = 1808），也注意到大致相似的模式和结果。
在儿童和青少年中，PCR检测呈阳性时报告的不良症状患病率在12个月内下降。一些检测呈阳性者和检测呈阴性者在检测后6个月和12个月首次报告了不良症状，尤其是疲劳、呼吸急促、生活质量差、幸福感差和疲劳，这表明它们可能是由多种因素引起的。
英国国家卫生研究院/英国研究与创新署（参考编号：COVLT0022）
