调节巨噬细胞功能以增强宿主固有抵抗力对抗复杂感染。

Modulating macrophage function to reinforce host innate resistance against complex infection.

机构信息

Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea.

School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.

出版信息

Front Immunol. 2022 Nov 24;13:931876. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931876. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

complex (MAC) is the main causative agent of infectious diseases in humans among nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that are ubiquitous organisms found in environmental media such as soil as well as in domestic and natural waters. MAC is a primary causative agent of NTM-lung disease that threaten immunocompromised or structural lung disease patients. The incidence and the prevalence of infection have been reduced, while MAC infections and mortality rates have increased, making it a cause of global health concern. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of long-term drug use have led to a poor outcome of treatment regimens against MAC infections. Therefore, the development of host-directed therapy (HDT) has recently gained interest, aiming to accelerate mycobacterial clearance and reversing lung damage by employing the immune system using a novel adjuvant strategy to improve the clinical outcome of MAC infection. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the innate immune responses that contribute to MAC infection focusing on macrophages, chief innate immune cells, and host susceptibility factors in patients. We also discuss potential HDTs that can act on the signaling pathway of macrophages, thereby contributing to antimycobacterial activity as a part of the innate immune response during MAC infection. Furthermore, this review provides new insights into MAC infection control that modulates and enhances macrophage function, promoting host antimicrobial activity in response to potential HDTs and thus presenting a deeper understanding of the interactions between macrophages and MACs during infection.

摘要

胞内分枝杆菌(MAC)是无结核分枝杆菌(NTM)中引起人类感染的主要病原体,这些细菌是存在于环境介质中的无处不在的生物体,如土壤以及家庭和天然水中。MAC 是威胁免疫功能低下或结构性肺病患者的 NTM-肺部疾病的主要病原体。MAC 感染的发病率和患病率有所下降,而感染率和死亡率却有所上升,这使其成为全球关注的健康问题。耐药性的出现以及长期药物使用的副作用导致 MAC 感染的治疗方案治疗效果不佳。因此,宿主导向治疗(HDT)的发展最近引起了人们的兴趣,旨在通过使用新型佐剂策略利用免疫系统加速分枝杆菌清除和逆转肺部损伤,从而提高 MAC 感染的临床疗效。因此,在这篇综述中,我们讨论了固有免疫反应在 MAC 感染中的作用,重点讨论了巨噬细胞作为主要的固有免疫细胞,以及患者中的宿主易感性因素。我们还讨论了潜在的 HDT,这些治疗方法可以作用于巨噬细胞的信号通路,从而有助于发挥抗分枝杆菌活性,作为 MAC 感染期间固有免疫反应的一部分。此外,本综述提供了对 MAC 感染控制的新见解,即调节和增强巨噬细胞功能,促进宿主对潜在 HDT 的抗菌活性,从而更深入地了解感染期间巨噬细胞和 MAC 之间的相互作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2f69/9730288/0716b6c2b038/fimmu-13-931876-g001.jpg

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