Section of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Section of Implant and Rehabilitative Dentistry, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
mSphere. 2023 Feb 21;8(1):e0049022. doi: 10.1128/msphere.00490-22. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
The tongue dorsum is colonized by a stable microbiota, mostly comprising common commensal taxa. However, the predominance of each taxon varies among individuals. We hypothesized that equilibrium in the tongue microbiota is affected by exposure to butyrate in the oral fluid, which is reported to affect the growth of specific microorganisms. In this study, the bacterial composition of the tongue microbiotas of 69 male adults was determined via 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate its relationship to -butyric acid concentration in oral rinse samples. The tongue microbiotas of individuals with a higher -butyric acid level had higher relative abundances of Prevotella histicola, Veillonella atypica, and Streptococcus parasanguinis and lower relative abundances of Neisseria subflava and Porphyromonas pasteri. Subsequently, tongue microbiota samples collected from 12 adults were cultivated for 13 h in basal medium containing mucin and different concentrations of sodium butyrate (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mM) to assess its effect on the growth of tongue microbiota organisms. The bacterial composition of the cultivated tongue microbiotas also demonstrated a significant gradual shift with an increase in sodium butyrate levels in beta-diversity analysis. was significantly less predominant in the microbiota after cultivation with an increased addition of sodium butyrate, although no statistical difference was observed in the other aforementioned taxa. These results suggest that butyrate in the oral fluid is partially involved in the dysbiotic shift of the tongue microbiota. Oral microbial populations that are always ingested with saliva have attracted increasing attention because more oral microorganisms than previously known reach distal organs, such as the lungs and intestinal tract, thereby affecting our health. However, although such organisms are predominately derived from the tongue dorsum, the dynamics and determinants of the tongue microbiota composition remain unclear. This study demonstrated that exposure to butyrate could lead to a dysbiotic shift in the tongue microbiota using an observational epidemiological and microbiota cultivation approach. This result adds a new dimension to tongue microbiota ecology.
舌背定植着稳定的微生物群，主要由常见共生菌群组成。然而，每个分类群的优势在个体之间有所不同。我们假设舌微生物群的平衡受到口腔液中丁酸盐的影响，据报道，丁酸盐会影响特定微生物的生长。在这项研究中，通过 16S rRNA 基因测序确定了 69 名成年男性的舌微生物群的细菌组成，以研究其与口腔冲洗样本中 - 丁酸浓度的关系。 - 丁酸水平较高的个体的舌微生物群中，普雷沃氏菌属、异型韦荣球菌和血链球菌的相对丰度较高，而奈瑟氏菌属和卟啉单胞菌属的相对丰度较低。随后，从 12 名成年人收集的舌微生物群样本在含有粘蛋白和不同浓度丁酸钠（0、0.8、1.6 和 3.2mM）的基础培养基中培养 13 小时，以评估其对舌微生物群生物体生长的影响。在β多样性分析中，培养的舌微生物群的细菌组成也随着丁酸钠水平的增加而显示出显著的逐渐变化。在培养中添加更多的丁酸钠后， 明显不占主导地位，尽管其他上述分类群没有观察到统计学差异。这些结果表明，口腔液中的丁酸盐部分参与了舌微生物群的失调转变。 由于比以前已知的更多的口腔微生物到达远端器官，如肺部和肠道，从而影响我们的健康，因此经常与唾液一起摄入的口腔微生物种群引起了越来越多的关注。然而，尽管这些生物体主要来源于舌背，但舌微生物群组成的动态和决定因素仍不清楚。这项研究使用观察性流行病学和微生物培养方法表明，暴露于丁酸盐可能导致舌微生物群的失调转变。这一结果为舌微生物群生态学增添了新的维度。
