Department of Hand & Microsurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Department of Gland Surgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421002, China.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Sep;201(9):4254-4261. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03521-y. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
Several previous studies have found the deleterious effects of cadmium exposure on bone. However, studies on the effects of cadmium exposure on bone mineral density (BMD) in gender- and race-specific groups are still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cadmium exposure and BMD in adults and the gender and racial differences therein. Weighted multivariate regression, generalized weighted model, and smoothed curve fitting were used to explore the relationship between lumbar BMD with blood cadmium (B-Cd) and urine cadmium (U-Cd) based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In addition, subgroup analyses were further used to investigate the differential associations across gender and race. Of the 4335 adult participants. After adjusting for primary demographic variables, B-Cd [- 0.018 (- 0.028, - 0.008)] and U-Cd [- 0.010 (- 0.020, - 0.001)] were shown to be negatively related to lumbar BMD. In the fully adjusted model, the negative association between B-Cd and lumbar BMD was maintained [- 0.010 (- 0.018, - 0.002)]. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender and race, this relationship was retained in females and non-Hispanic blacks. Furthermore, these negative associations were most pronounced among non-Hispanic black women [B-Cd and lumbar BMD, - 0.046 (- 0.076, - 0.017); U-Cd and lumbar BMD, -0.034 (- 0.063, - 0.006)]. Our findings suggest that there are significant sex and race differences in the negative association between cadmium exposure and BMD. This negative association was most prominent in non-Hispanic black females.
先前的几项研究已经发现镉暴露对骨骼的有害影响。然而，关于性别和种族特异性群体中镉暴露对骨矿物质密度（BMD）的影响的研究仍然缺乏。本研究旨在探讨成人镉暴露与 BMD 之间的关系，以及其中的性别和种族差异。基于国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，使用加权多元回归、广义加权模型和平滑曲线拟合来探索腰椎 BMD 与血镉（B-Cd）和尿镉（U-Cd）之间的关系。此外，还进一步进行了亚组分析，以研究性别和种族之间的差异关联。在 4335 名成年参与者中。在调整了主要人口统计学变量后，B-Cd [-0.018（-0.028，-0.008）] 和 U-Cd [-0.010（-0.020，-0.001）] 与腰椎 BMD 呈负相关。在完全调整的模型中，B-Cd 与腰椎 BMD 之间的负相关关系仍然存在[-0.010（-0.018，-0.002）]。在按性别和种族分层的亚组分析中，这种关系在女性和非西班牙裔黑人中仍然存在。此外，这些负相关在非西班牙裔黑人女性中最为明显[B-Cd 和腰椎 BMD，-0.046（-0.076，-0.017）；U-Cd 和腰椎 BMD，-0.034（-0.063，-0.006）]。我们的研究结果表明，镉暴露与 BMD 之间的负相关存在显著的性别和种族差异。这种负相关在非西班牙裔黑人女性中最为明显。
