Department of Teacher Education, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
Autism Res. 2023 Feb;16(2):441-457. doi: 10.1002/aur.2867. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
This systematic review includes a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of research on the associations between primarily non-autistic people's characteristics and their attitudes toward autistic people. Of 47 studies included in the narrative synthesis, White undergraduate students were surveyed most frequently. Demographic characteristics were the factors most frequently tested for associations with attitudes, followed by contact-related factors (i.e., quantity and quality), knowledge about autism, trait and personality factors, and other factors that did not fit into a single category. Internal consistency was not reported for some instruments assessing raters' characteristics; some instruments had alpha levels lower than 0.70, and many characteristics of raters were measured using one-item measures. Moreover, theoretical motivations for investigating the raters' characteristics were rarely provided. A total of 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which showed that attitudes toward autistic people were significantly associated with participants' gender, knowledge about autism, and quality and quantity of their previous contact with autistic people, but not with their age or autistic traits. These findings indicate a need for more studies that focus on context-related characteristics (e.g., institutional variables such as support/commitment to inclusion), use reliable instruments to measure non-autistic people's characteristics, and situate their investigation in a theoretical framework.
本系统评价包括对主要非自闭症人群特征与其对自闭症人群态度之间关系的研究进行叙述性综合和荟萃分析。在叙述性综合中纳入的 47 项研究中，调查了最多的是白人本科学生。人口统计学特征是与态度关联最频繁测试的因素，其次是与接触相关的因素（即数量和质量）、对自闭症的了解、特质和人格因素，以及其他不属于单一类别的因素。一些评估评定者特征的工具没有报告内部一致性；一些工具的 alpha 值低于 0.70，并且许多评定者的特征使用单项措施进行测量。此外，很少有研究提供调查评定者特征的理论动机。共有 36 项研究纳入荟萃分析，结果表明，自闭症人群的态度与参与者的性别、对自闭症的了解以及他们之前与自闭症人群接触的质量和数量显著相关，但与年龄或自闭症特征无关。这些发现表明，需要更多的研究关注与情境相关的特征（例如，支持/承诺包容等机构变量），使用可靠的工具来衡量非自闭症人群的特征，并将其调查置于理论框架中。
