Gratton Finn V, Strang John F, Song Minneh, Cooper Kate, Kallitsounaki Aimilia, Lai Meng-Chuan, Lawson Wenn, van der Miesen Anna I R, Wimms Harriette E
Private Consultant, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Gender and Autism Program, Center for Neuroscience, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Autism Adulthood. 2023 Jun 1;5(2):112-124. doi: 10.1089/aut.2023.0042. Epub 2023 Jun 13.
Many transgender people are autistic. Community expressions of the autism transgender intersection abound. Some commentators have questioned the proportional overrepresentation of autism among gender-diverse people, suggesting these individuals may not be truly autistic or truly transgender. However, increasing evidence challenges assertions that deny the authenticity of co-occurring autistic and transgender identities. Specifically, research by authors of this article indicates autistic transgender people show neurophenotypes generally consistent with cisgender autistic people and implicit gender phenotypes consistent with nonautistic transgender people. This article features a dialogue between eight leading experts in the field of intersectional autism and gender diversity, including clinicians, researchers, community advocates, and experts who are themselves autistic transgender. Key topics of discussion included: how research findings on autism and gender diversity inform respectful and supportive responses to autistic transgender people; the benefits and harms of increased societal attention toward the autism transgender intersection; and research and advocacy priorities. The expert panel concluded the following: (1) it is important to respect transgender autistic people's wellness and resilience, while also acknowledging the pathologization and stigmatization they face; (2) autistic gender-diverse people are experts of their own identity and should be involved in all aspects of research and clinical care; (3) research is needed to understand the disparities autistic transgender people face; (4) attempts to restrict autistic transgender people's access to gender care are unsupported by existing research; (5) adult gender care may benefit from incorporating universal design principles and neurodiversity-affirming strategies to reduce barriers to care and improve clinician-client communication in treatment delivery and the informed consent process; (6) cross-cultural and cross-societal research will improve best care practices in diverse contexts; (7) research and advocacy must be inclusive across ethnoracial identities, including in leadership and perspectives represented; and (8) a life span developmental framework is needed for adult research in this field.
许多跨性别者患有自闭症。关于自闭症与跨性别交叉群体的社群表达比比皆是。一些评论家质疑自闭症在性别多样化人群中比例过高的现象，认为这些个体可能并非真正患有自闭症或真正属于跨性别者。然而，越来越多的证据对那些否认自闭症与跨性别身份同时存在真实性的论断提出了挑战。具体而言，本文作者的研究表明，患有自闭症的跨性别者表现出的神经表型通常与顺性别自闭症患者一致，而隐性性别表型则与非自闭症跨性别者一致。本文呈现了八位交叉性自闭症和性别多样性领域的顶尖专家之间的对话，这些专家包括临床医生、研究人员、社群倡导者以及自身为患有自闭症的跨性别者的专家。讨论的关键主题包括：关于自闭症和性别多样性的研究结果如何为对患有自闭症的跨性别者的尊重和支持性回应提供信息；社会对自闭症与跨性别交叉群体关注度增加带来的益处和危害；以及研究和倡导的重点。专家小组得出了以下结论：（1）尊重患有自闭症的跨性别者的健康和恢复力很重要，同时也要承认他们所面临的病态化和污名化；（2）性别多样化的自闭症患者是自身身份的专家，应参与研究和临床护理的各个方面；（3）需要开展研究以了解患有自闭症的跨性别者所面临的差异；（4）现有研究不支持限制患有自闭症的跨性别者获得性别护理的尝试；（5）成人性别护理可能受益于纳入通用设计原则和肯定神经多样性的策略，以减少护理障碍，并在治疗提供和知情同意过程中改善临床医生与患者的沟通；（6）跨文化和跨社会研究将改善不同背景下的最佳护理实践；（7）研究和倡导必须涵盖不同种族身份，包括在领导层和所代表的观点方面；（8）该领域的成人研究需要一个生命周期发展框架。
