Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
ChemSusChem. 2023 Mar 8;16(5):e202202143. doi: 10.1002/cssc.202202143. Epub 2023 Jan 5.
Ineffectiveness of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) in cold climates hinders electronics to work in various conditions including frigid environments, despite high demands. Given that intrinsic properties of LIB materials cause this problem, optimized cell chemistries ultimately are required for low-temperature usage. In this study, Li-metal batteries (LMBs) composed of a Li-metal anode (LMA) stabilized by a localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE) are found to significantly enhance low-temperature performance. The LHCE allows the LMA to have compact and regular deposition and excellent plating/stripping efficiency at sub-zero temperatures. The LHCE produces an inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase with larger amounts of Li O/LiF interfaces, dominance of ion aggregates in Li solvation, and enhanced Li transport, which can greatly improve the LMA stability. LMB full cells based on LiNi Co Mn O cathodes with the tailored electrolyte show high retentions of 75 and 64 % at -20 and -40 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the LMB configuration retains its charge-discharge capability even at -60 °C.
锂离子电池（LIBs）在寒冷气候下的效率低下，限制了电子产品在各种条件下的工作能力，包括严寒环境。尽管 LIB 材料的固有特性导致了这个问题，但最终需要优化电池化学物质，以实现低温使用。在这项研究中，发现由局部高浓度电解质（LHCE）稳定的锂金属阳极（LMA）组成的锂金属电池（LMB）可以显著提高低温性能。LHCE 允许 LMA 在亚零温度下进行紧密和规则的沉积，并具有出色的电镀/剥离效率。LHCE 生成富含无机物的固体电解质界面，具有更多的 Li O/LiF 界面、Li 溶剂中离子聚集体的主导地位以及增强的 Li 传输，这可以极大地提高 LMA 的稳定性。基于 LiNi Co Mn O 阴极的定制电解质的 LMB 全电池在-20°C 和-40°C 下分别表现出 75%和 64%的高保留率。此外，LMB 结构即使在-60°C 下也能保持其充放电能力。
