肛门瘙痒的病因与治疗
Causes and Management of Pruritus Ani.
作者信息
Sacks Olivia A, Beresneva Olga
机构信息
Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Dis Colon Rectum. 2023 Jan 1;66(1):10-13. doi: 10.1097/DCR.0000000000002661. Epub 2022 Oct 27.
A 48-year-old healthy man presented to the office reporting a long-standing history of anal pruritus. He had tried various over-the-counter creams without much success. Besides an anal fissure in the past, which responded to nitroglycerin ointment, his medical history was unremarkable. On physical examination, he was found to have grade I hemorrhoids and mild fecal smearing on perianal skin. Recent colonoscopy and laboratory work ordered by the primary care provider were normal. He was counseled on common inciting agents and local irritants and was advised on hygiene, diet modification, and stool-bulking agents. The colorectal surgeon recommended that the patient keep a journal about his symptoms, foods, and household chemicals used. He was seen twice more over the course of 6 months to pinpoint the cause of his pruritus. A short-course trial of topical steroid, barrier cream, and topical tacrolimus was not helpful. A biopsy of perianal skin was performed and was unrevealing. Eventually, given the persistence of symptoms, it was decided that he would undergo methylene blue injection to address his pruritus (Fig. 1). The procedure consisted of several intradermal and subcutaneous injections of 10 mL of 1% methylene blue combined with 7.5 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine with adrenaline (1/100,000) and 7.5 mL 0.5% lidocaine. After the methylene blue injection, the severity of his symptoms improved, but pruritus still persisted. A methylene blue injection of the same concentration was repeated in 3 months with complete resolution of symptoms.
一名48岁的健康男性前来就诊,自述有长期的肛门瘙痒病史。他尝试过各种非处方药膏,但效果不佳。除了过去曾患肛裂,使用硝酸甘油软膏后痊愈外,他的病史并无其他异常。体格检查发现他患有I度痔疮,肛周皮肤有轻度粪便污染。初级保健医生近期安排的结肠镜检查和实验室检查结果均正常。医生向他讲解了常见的诱发因素和局部刺激物,并就卫生、饮食调整和大便软化剂给予了建议。结直肠外科医生建议患者记录自己的症状、所食用的食物以及使用的家用化学品。在6个月的时间里,他又来看了两次,以确定瘙痒的原因。短期试用局部类固醇、屏障乳膏和局部他克莫司均无效果。对肛周皮肤进行了活检,未发现异常。最终,鉴于症状持续存在,决定让他接受亚甲蓝注射来治疗瘙痒(图1)。该操作包括皮内和皮下注射数次,将10毫升1%的亚甲蓝与7.5毫升0.25%的布比卡因加肾上腺素(1/100,000)以及7.5毫升0.5%的利多卡因混合。亚甲蓝注射后,他的症状严重程度有所改善,但瘙痒仍持续存在。3个月后重复注射相同浓度的亚甲蓝,症状完全缓解。