Solomon Yigrem, Girma Ermias, Ramayya Ancha Venkata
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
School of Chemical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Int J Anal Chem. 2022 Dec 10;2022:7984077. doi: 10.1155/2022/7984077. eCollection 2022.
Identification of better yielding nonedible feedstocks and process improvements with locally prepared chemicals is the way forward for improving biodiesel economic viability. Synthesis of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) biodiesel from () seed oil is investigated through the transesterification method including oil extraction and CaO-chicken eggshell waste as a heterogeneous catalyst and ethanol, which has not yet been investigated earlier. The effects of catalyst load from 2% to 6% (w/w) of the weight of oil, ethanol to oil ratio from 9 : 1 to 12 : 1(v/v), reaction temperature from 60 to 80℃, and reaction time variation from 0.45 to 2 hr have been explored. The yield has been investigated, with the oil content of the seed being 46.85% realized through the solvent extraction route. The central composite design (CCD) using a design expert is employed to investigate the effects of different process parameters for biodiesel synthesis and to find the optimum conditions for maximizing the yield. The conversion to biodiesel via the calcium oxide-heterogeneous catalyzed transesterification route has achieved 91% yield under the optimum conditions. The optimum result predicted by the model is found to be 91.036% at a catalyst loading of 5.802 wt.%, reaction temperature of 76.117℃, a reaction time of 1.969 hr, and ethanol to oil molar ratio of 11.55 with a desirability value of 1.000. The FTIR spectrum confirms the composition and functional groups of synthesized biodiesel under optimum reaction conditions. Physicochemical properties of synthesized biodiesel are determined, and the results when compared with the biodiesel standard specifications are within the range prescribed. The result showed that could be a very viable feedstock for the biodiesel industry, which could be exploited as an alternative fuel source.
识别高产的非食用原料，并利用当地制备的化学品改进工艺，是提高生物柴油经济可行性的前进方向。通过酯交换法研究了从（）种子油合成脂肪酸乙酯（FAEE）生物柴油的过程，包括油提取以及使用CaO - 鸡蛋壳废料作为非均相催化剂和乙醇，这在此之前尚未被研究过。研究了催化剂负载量从油重量的2%到6%（w/w）、乙醇与油的比例从9∶1到12∶1（v/v）、反应温度从60℃到80℃以及反应时间从0.45小时到2小时的变化影响。对产率进行了研究，通过溶剂萃取法实现了种子油含量为46.85%。采用设计专家的中心复合设计（CCD）来研究生物柴油合成中不同工艺参数的影响，并找到使产率最大化的最佳条件。在最佳条件下，通过氧化钙非均相催化酯交换路线转化为生物柴油的产率达到了91%。模型预测的最佳结果是在催化剂负载量为5.802 wt.%、反应温度为76.117℃、反应时间为1.969小时以及乙醇与油的摩尔比为11.55时产率为91.036%，可取性值为1.000。FTIR光谱证实了在最佳反应条件下合成生物柴油的组成和官能团。测定了合成生物柴油的理化性质，与生物柴油标准规格相比，结果在规定范围内。结果表明，（）可能是生物柴油行业非常可行的原料，可作为替代燃料来源加以利用。
