Hundie Ketema Beyecha, Akuma Desalegn Abdissa
School of Chemical Engineering, Process Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
School of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2022 Feb 15;8(2):e08965. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08965. eCollection 2022 Feb.
The concept of waste to valuable products is a hot topic with more explorations going on worldwide to minimize the environmental pollution and wastage of food-based feedstocks. In this work, biodiesel was produced from seed oil using ethanol as solvent and magnesium nanocatalyst and the process was optimized by employing an advanced statistical optimization method; definitive screening design. The maximum biodiesel yield from seed was found to be 32.5%. Acid esterification and transesterification were applied to minimize the acidity. Acidity of the oil was initially reduced to 1.52 mg KOH/g using acid catalyst HSO, and then to 0.88mg KOH/g by transesterification process using magnesium oxide. Optimum biodiesel conversion efficiency of 94.83% was achieved under 10:1 ethanol-to-oil ratio, 5% magnesium oxide concentration, 80 min reaction time, 45 °C reaction temperature and 1000 rpm agitation rate. The transesterification reaction was found to be highly affected by the ethanol-to-oil ratio and catalyst concentration. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the magnesium oxide was sufficient for the production of biodiesel from seed oil. The fuel properties were evaluated according to ASTM standards. FTIR analysis confirmed the existence of functional groups with respect to the fingerprint region of ethyl esters. The Definitive screening design method can be suggested as an alternative method for the optimization of process parameters within limited materials and number of experiments. The findings suggest that this method of production of biodiesel from seed oil shall open up new possibilities for a novel natural biofuel.
将废物转化为有价值产品的概念是一个热门话题，全球范围内正在进行更多探索，以尽量减少环境污染和基于食物的原料浪费。在这项工作中，以乙醇为溶剂、镁纳米催化剂从种子油中生产生物柴油，并采用先进的统计优化方法——确定性筛选设计对该过程进行优化。发现种子的最大生物柴油产量为32.5%。应用酸酯化和酯交换反应来降低酸度。最初使用酸催化剂HSO将油的酸度降低到1.52 mg KOH/g，然后通过使用氧化镁的酯交换过程将酸度降低到0.88mg KOH/g。在乙醇与油的比例为10:1、氧化镁浓度为5%、反应时间为80分钟、反应温度为45℃和搅拌速度为1000 rpm的条件下，实现了94.83%的最佳生物柴油转化效率。发现酯交换反应受乙醇与油的比例和催化剂浓度的影响很大。结果表明，氧化镁的催化活性足以从种子油中生产生物柴油。根据ASTM标准对燃料特性进行了评估。FTIR分析证实了相对于乙酯指纹区域存在官能团。可以建议将确定性筛选设计方法作为在有限材料和实验次数内优化工艺参数的替代方法。研究结果表明，这种从种子油生产生物柴油的方法将为新型天然生物燃料开辟新的可能性。
