沙漠沙尘暴期间室内空气质量的改善：MEDEA暴露减少策略的影响。
Improved indoor air quality during desert dust storms: The impact of the MEDEA exposure-reduction strategies.
作者信息
Achilleos Souzana, Michanikou Antonis, Kouis Panayiotis, Papatheodorou Stefania I, Panayiotou Andrie G, Kinni Paraskevi, Mihalopoulos Nikos, Kalivitis Nikos, Kouvarakis Giorgos, Galanakis Emmanouil, Michailidi Eleni, Tymvios Filippos, Chrysanthou Andreas, Neophytou Marina, Mouzourides Petros, Savvides Chrysanthos, Vasiliadou Emily, Papasavvas Ilias, Christophides Theodoros, Nicolaou Rozalia, Avraamides Panayiotis, Kang Choong-Min, Middleton Nicos, Koutrakis Petros, Yiallouros Panayiotis K
机构信息
Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
出版信息
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 10;863:160973. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160973. Epub 2022 Dec 17.
Desert dust storms (DDS) are natural events that impact not only populations close to the emission sources but also populations many kilometers away. Countries located across the main dust sources, including countries in the Eastern Mediterranean, are highly affected by DDS. In addition, climate change is expanding arid areas exacerbating DDS events. Currently, there are no intervention measures with proven, quantified exposure reduction to desert dust particles. As part of the wider "MEDEA" project, co-funded by LIFE 2016 Programme, we examined the effectiveness of an indoor exposure-reduction intervention (i.e., decrease home ventilation during DDS events and continuous use of air purifier during DDS and non-DDS days) across homes and/or classrooms of schoolchildren with asthma and adults with atrial fibrillation in Cyprus and Crete-Greece. Participants were randomized to a control or intervention groups, including an indoor intervention group with exposure reduction measures and the use of air purifiers. Particle sampling, PM and PM was conducted in participants' homes and/or classrooms, between 2019 and 2022, during DDS-free weeks and during DDS days for as long as the event lasted. In indoor and outdoor PM and PM samples, mass and content in main and trace elements was determined. Indoor PM and PM mass concentrations, adjusting for premise type and dust conditions, were significantly lower in the indoor intervention group compared to the control group (PM/PM = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.70; PM/PM = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.71). In addition, the PM and PM particles of outdoor origin were significantly lower in the intervention vs. the control group (PM infiltration intervention-to-control ratio: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.58; PM infiltration intervention-to-control ratio: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.89). Our findings suggest that the use of air purifiers alongside decreased ventilation measures is an effective protective measure that reduces significantly indoor exposure to particles during DDS and non-DDS in high-risk population groups.
沙漠沙尘暴（DDS）是一种自然现象，不仅会影响靠近沙尘源的人群，还会影响距离沙尘源数公里之外的人群。位于主要沙尘源地区的国家，包括东地中海地区的国家，都受到沙漠沙尘暴的严重影响。此外，气候变化导致干旱地区不断扩大，加剧了沙漠沙尘暴事件。目前，尚无经证实能有效减少接触沙漠沙尘颗粒的干预措施。作为由2016年生命环境计划共同资助的更广泛的“MEDEA”项目的一部分，我们在塞浦路斯以及希腊克里特岛，对患有哮喘的学童家庭和/或教室，以及患有心房颤动的成年人家庭，研究了一种减少室内暴露的干预措施（即在沙漠沙尘暴期间减少家庭通风，并在沙漠沙尘暴期间和非沙漠沙尘暴期间持续使用空气净化器）的有效性。参与者被随机分为对照组或干预组，干预组包括采取减少暴露措施并使用空气净化器的室内干预组。在2019年至2022年期间，在无沙漠沙尘暴的几周以及沙漠沙尘暴持续期间，对参与者的家庭和/或教室进行颗粒物采样，测定PM和PM。在室内和室外的PM和PM样本中，测定主要元素和微量元素的质量及含量。在调整房屋类型和沙尘条件后，室内干预组的室内PM和PM质量浓度显著低于对照组（PM/PM = 0.57，95%置信区间：0.47，0.70；PM/PM = 0.59，95%置信区间：0.49，0.71）。此外，干预组来自室外的PM和PM颗粒明显低于对照组（PM渗透干预组与对照组之比：0.49，95%置信区间：0.42，0.58；PM渗透干预组与对照组之比：0.68，95%置信区间：0.52，0.89）。我们的研究结果表明，在减少通风措施的同时使用空气净化器是一种有效的保护措施，可显著降低高危人群在沙漠沙尘暴期间和非沙漠沙尘暴期间的室内颗粒物暴露。
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