Voice Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
Department of Otolaryngology, The Canterbury Hospital, Campsie, NSW 2194, Australia.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Dec 1;14(12):844. doi: 10.3390/toxins14120844.
Laryngeal dystonia (LD), or spasmodic dysphonia (SD), is a chronic, task-specific, focal movement disorder affecting the larynx. It interferes primarily with the essential functions of phonation and speech. LD affects patients' ability to communicate effectively and significantly diminishes their quality of life. Botulinum neurotoxin was first used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of LD four decades ago and remains the standard of care for the treatment of LD. This article provides an overview of the clinical application of botulinum neurotoxin in the management of LD, focusing on the classification for this disorder, its pathophysiology, clinical assessment and diagnosis, the role of laryngeal electromyography and a summary of therapeutic injection techniques, including a comprehensive description of various procedural approaches, recommendations for injection sites and dosage considerations.
喉肌张力障碍（LD），也称痉挛性发声障碍（SD），是一种影响喉部的慢性、特定任务、局灶性运动障碍。它主要干扰发声和言语的基本功能。LD 影响患者进行有效沟通的能力，并显著降低他们的生活质量。四十年前，肉毒杆菌神经毒素首次被用作治疗 LD 的治疗剂，并且仍然是 LD 治疗的标准护理。本文概述了肉毒杆菌神经毒素在 LD 管理中的临床应用，重点介绍了该疾病的分类、病理生理学、临床评估和诊断、喉肌电图的作用以及治疗性注射技术的总结，包括对各种程序方法的全面描述、注射部位的建议和剂量考虑。
