Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Jan 8;13(1):42. doi: 10.3390/toxins13010042.
Since its initial approval in 1989 by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of blepharospasm and other facial spasms, botulinum toxin (BoNT) has evolved into a therapeutic modality for a variety of neurological and non-neurological disorders. With respect to neurologic movement disorders, BoNT has been reported to be effective for the treatment of dystonia, bruxism, tremors, tics, myoclonus, restless legs syndrome, tardive dyskinesia, and a variety of symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. More recently, research with BoNT has expanded beyond its use as a powerful muscle relaxant and a peripherally active drug to its potential central nervous system applications in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Although BoNT is the most potent biologic toxin, when it is administered by knowledgeable and experienced clinicians, it is one of the safest therapeutic agents in clinical use. The primary aim of this article is to provide an update on recent advances in BoNT research with a focus on novel applications in the treatment of movement disorders. This comprehensive review of the literature provides a critical review of evidence-based clinical trials and highlights recent innovative pilot studies.
自 1989 年美国食品和药物管理局最初批准用于治疗眼睑痉挛和其他面部痉挛以来，肉毒毒素 (BoNT) 已发展成为治疗各种神经和非神经疾病的一种治疗方式。在神经运动障碍方面，据报道 BoNT 对治疗肌张力障碍、磨牙症、震颤、抽搐、肌阵挛、不宁腿综合征、迟发性运动障碍以及与帕金森病相关的各种症状有效。最近，BoNT 的研究已经超出了其作为一种强大的肌肉松弛剂和外周活性药物的用途，扩展到其在治疗神经退行性疾病方面的潜在中枢神经系统应用。尽管 BoNT 是最有效的生物毒素，但当由知识渊博且经验丰富的临床医生进行管理时，它是临床应用中最安全的治疗药物之一。本文的主要目的是提供 BoNT 研究的最新进展，重点介绍运动障碍治疗方面的新应用。这篇文献综述对基于证据的临床试验进行了批判性回顾，并强调了最近的创新性试点研究。
