Picca Marina, Manzoni Paola, Corsello Antonio, Ferri Paolo, Bove Chiara, Braga Piera, Mariani Danila, Marinello Roberto, Mezzopane Angela, Senaldi Silvia, Macchi Marina, Cugliari Marco, Agostoni Carlo, Milani Gregorio Paolo
SICuPP-Lombardia: Italian Primary Care Paediatrics Society-Lombardy, 20126 Milan, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Children (Basel). 2022 Dec 8;9(12):1927. doi: 10.3390/children9121927.
Lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant psychological impact on children and adolescents. This study compared lockdown effects on children aged 1-10 years in 2020 and 2021. Two structured questionnaires were administered to 3392 parents in 2020, and 3203 in 2021. Outcomes considered for the data analysis included sleep changes, episodes of irritability, attention disturbances, distance learning and number of siblings. For data analysis, children were divided into two groups: pre-scholar (1-5 years old) and older ones. The lockdown was associated with a significant increase in sleep disturbances in 2020 and persisted after a year. The high prevalence of mood changes persisted unchanged in children under the age of 10 in 2020 and in 2021. Even if strengthened family ties seemed to mitigate the negative impact of lockdowns in 2020, this effect appeared absent or at least reduced in 2021. Irritability and rage in children were perceived to have increased in 2021 compared to 2020. A significant reduction in digital device use was observed in 2021 compared to 2020. Overall, the most harmful consequences of the lockdown in 2020 were still observed in 2021. Further studies are needed to analyze possible psychological effects that the generation who experienced the pandemic during early childhood may have, particularly in their future adolescence, in order to identify possible intervention practices to support families.
新冠疫情期间的封锁对儿童和青少年产生了重大的心理影响。本研究比较了2020年和2021年封锁对1至10岁儿童的影响。2020年，对3392名家长发放了两份结构化问卷，2021年发放了3203份。数据分析考虑的结果包括睡眠变化、易怒发作、注意力障碍、远程学习和兄弟姐妹数量。为了进行数据分析，儿童被分为两组：学龄前儿童（1至5岁）和大龄儿童。2020年，封锁与睡眠障碍的显著增加有关，且一年后仍持续存在。2020年和2021年，10岁以下儿童情绪变化的高患病率保持不变。即使加强的家庭关系似乎在2020年减轻了封锁的负面影响，但在2021年这种影响似乎不存在或至少有所减弱。与2020年相比，2021年儿童的易怒和愤怒情绪有所增加。与2020年相比，2021年观察到数字设备使用显著减少。总体而言，2020年封锁最有害的后果在2021年仍然存在。需要进一步研究来分析在幼儿期经历疫情的这代人可能产生的潜在心理影响，尤其是在他们未来的青春期，以便确定支持家庭的可能干预措施。
