Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan.
Gifu Dental Association, 1-18 Minamidori, Kano-cho, Gifu 500-8486, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 16;19(24):16959. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416959.
The aim was to examine the relationships between oral functions and support/care-need certification in older people aged ≥ 75 years using the National Health Insurance (NHI) database system and data from Kani City, Gifu, Japan. In total, 732 older Japanese people aged ≥ 75 years who did not have support/care-need certification and underwent dental check-ups in Kani City in 2017 were followed up until 2020. Chewing state, tongue and lip function, and swallowing function were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire, an oral diadochokinesis test, and a repetitive saliva-swallowing test, respectively. The presence or absence of systemic diseases and of support/care-need certification was based on data collected by the NHI database. At follow up, 121 (17%) participants had support/care-need certification. The participants with support/care-need certification included more women ( < 0.001) and older people ( < 0.001); and had more hypertension ( = 0.003), musculoskeletal disorders ( < 0.001), pneumonia ( = 0.044), poor chewing state ( < 0.001), and poor swallowing function ( = 0.003) than those without support/care-need certification. Furthermore, the presence of support/care-need certification at follow up was associated with sex (woman: odds ratio [OR], 2.120; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.354 to 3.317), age (OR, 1.203; CI, 1.139 to 1.270), chewing state (poor: OR, 2.534; CI, 1.409 to 4.557), and swallowing function (poor: OR, 2.372; CI, 1.248 to 4.510) at baseline. However, tongue and lip function were not associated with support/care-need certification. The results indicate that older Japanese people aged ≥ 75 years with a poor chewing state and poor swallowing function at baseline had a higher risk for support/care-need certification after three years.
目的是利用国家健康保险（NHI）数据库系统和来自日本岐阜县可尼市的数据，研究≥75 岁老年人的口腔功能与支持/护理需求认证之间的关系。共有 732 名≥75 岁、没有支持/护理需求认证且 2017 年在可尼市接受牙科检查的日本老年人在随访至 2020 年。咀嚼状态、舌和唇功能以及吞咽功能分别通过自我管理问卷、口腔交替发音测试和重复唾液吞咽测试进行评估。全身疾病的存在和支持/护理需求认证是基于 NHI 数据库收集的数据。随访时，121 名（17%）参与者获得了支持/护理需求认证。患有支持/护理需求认证的参与者包括更多的女性（<0.001）和老年人（<0.001）；且更多患有高血压（=0.003）、肌肉骨骼疾病（<0.001）、肺炎（=0.044）、咀嚼状态差（<0.001）和吞咽功能差（=0.003）的参与者。此外，随访时存在支持/护理需求认证与性别（女性：比值比[OR]，2.120；95%置信区间[CI]，1.354 至 3.317）、年龄（OR，1.203；CI，1.139 至 1.270）、咀嚼状态（差：OR，2.534；CI，1.409 至 4.557）和吞咽功能（差：OR，2.372；CI，1.248 至 4.510）有关。然而，舌和唇功能与支持/护理需求认证无关。结果表明，基线时咀嚼状态差和吞咽功能差的≥75 岁日本老年人在三年后获得支持/护理需求认证的风险更高。
