Ievinsh Gederts, Landorfa-Svalbe Zaiga, Andersone-Ozola Una, Karlsons Andis, Osvalde Anita
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia.
Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia.
Life (Basel). 2022 Nov 23;12(12):1959. doi: 10.3390/life12121959.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate tolerance to salinity and different heavy metals as well as the phytoextraction potential of plants from a brackish coastal sandy beach habitat. Four separate experiments were performed with plants in controlled conditions: (1) the effect of NaCl gradient on growth and ion accumulation, (2) the effect of different Na and K salts on growth and ion accumulation, (3) heavy metal tolerance and metal accumulation potential, (4) the effect of different forms of Pb salts (nitrate and acetate) on plant growth and Pb accumulation. A negative effect of NaCl on plant biomass was evident at 0.5 g L Na and growth was inhibited by 44% at 10 g L Na, and this was associated with changes in biomass allocation. The maximum Na accumulation (90.8 g kg) was found in the stems of plants treated with 10 g kg Na. The type of anion determined the salinity tolerance of plants, as Na and K salts with an identical anion component had a comparable effect on plant growth: nitrates strongly stimulated plant growth, and chloride treatment resulted in slight but significant growth reduction, but plants treated with nitrites and carbonates died within 4 and 5 weeks after the full treatment, respectively. The shoot growth of plants was relatively insensitive to treatment with Mn, Cd and Zn in the form of sulphate salts, but Pb nitrate increased it. Hyperaccumulation threshold concentration values in the leaves of were reached for Cd, Pb and Zn. can be characterized as a shoot accumulator of heavy metals and a hyperaccumulator of Na. A relatively short life cycle together with a high biomass accumulation rate makes useful for dynamic constructed wetland systems aiming for the purification of concentrated wastewaters.
本研究的目的是评估植物对盐分和不同重金属的耐受性以及从咸淡水沿海沙滩栖息地植物的植物提取潜力。在可控条件下对植物进行了四项独立实验：（1）NaCl梯度对生长和离子积累的影响；（2）不同钠和钾盐对生长和离子积累的影响；（3）重金属耐受性和金属积累潜力；（4）不同形式的铅盐（硝酸盐和醋酸盐）对植物生长和铅积累的影响。在0.5 g/L Na时，NaCl对植物生物量的负面影响明显，在10 g/L Na时生长受到44%的抑制，这与生物量分配的变化有关。在用10 g/kg Na处理的植物茎中发现了最大钠积累量（90.8 g/kg）。阴离子类型决定了植物的耐盐性，因为具有相同阴离子成分的钠和钾盐对植物生长具有可比的影响：硝酸盐强烈刺激植物生长，氯化物处理导致生长略有但显著降低，但用亚硝酸盐和碳酸盐处理的植物分别在完全处理后4周和5周内死亡。植物地上部生长对硫酸盐形式的锰、镉和锌处理相对不敏感，但硝酸铅增加了地上部生长。植物叶片中镉、铅和锌达到了超积累阈值浓度值。植物可被表征为重金属的地上部积累者和钠超积累者。相对较短的生命周期以及高生物量积累率使得植物对于旨在净化浓缩废水的动态人工湿地系统很有用。
