Blatnický Miroslav, Dižo Ján, Molnár Denis, Suchánek Andrej
Department of Transport and Handling Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Dec 15;15(24):8974. doi: 10.3390/ma15248974.
This paper focuses on the development, theoretical and experimental research on the structural units of an unconventional three-wheeled vehicle. The vehicle is designed in order to increase the stability when cornering in a low curvature radius. Current research work describes solutions to increase the cornering stability of either conventional three-wheeled vehicles or, more rarely, unconventional vehicles designed on the basis of complex wheel-tilting mechatronics. Thus, there is a gap in research in respect of consideration of a stability-enhancing mechanism for three-wheeled vehicles based on a combination of tilting and deflection of the front steered wheel in the course of cornering. This paper then compares the stability of a three-wheeled vehicle with one steered wheel in front and two wheels in the rear (1F2R) in conventional and unconventional designs. A particular linear formula for the stability of the three-wheeled vehicle in cornering is derived. This study further deals with the design of the frame intended to hold the unconventional steering mechanism of the front wheel of the vehicle, on the one hand, from the theoretical integrity point of view using CAD-, FEM- and MBS-based software and, on the other hand, from the experimental point of view by determining the multiaxial fatigue life of the test specimens. These were made from the frame structural material and loaded with an equivalent load (bending-torsion) corresponding to the real load of the frame in operation. It was discovered that the designed patented front wheel steering mechanism increased the passing speed by 19% in comparison with a conventional vehicle at the minimum possible radius of a corner. The designed vehicle meets the safety conditions in terms of frame integrity and load-bearing capacity. The vehicle frame is designed with respect to the fatigue life of the material, the results of which are presented in the work. The material employed for manufacturing the frame is aluminum alloy type EN AW6063, which makes the frame lightweight and strong.
本文聚焦于一种非常规三轮车辆结构单元的开发、理论及实验研究。该车辆的设计目的是在低曲率半径转弯时提高稳定性。当前的研究工作描述了提高常规三轮车辆或基于复杂车轮倾斜机电一体化设计的非常规车辆转弯稳定性的解决方案。因此，在考虑基于转弯过程中前转向轮倾斜和偏转相结合的三轮车辆稳定性增强机制方面，存在研究空白。本文接着比较了常规和非常规设计中前轮转向、后轮两轮（1F2R）三轮车辆的稳定性。推导了三轮车辆转弯稳定性的特定线性公式。本研究一方面从理论完整性角度，使用基于CAD、FEM和MBS的软件，另一方面从实验角度，通过确定测试样本的多轴疲劳寿命，进一步探讨了用于支撑车辆前轮非常规转向机构的车架设计。这些样本由车架结构材料制成，并承受与车架实际运行载荷相对应的等效载荷（弯曲 - 扭转）。研究发现，与传统车辆相比，所设计的专利前轮转向机构在最小可能转弯半径时将通过速度提高了19%。所设计的车辆在车架完整性和承载能力方面满足安全条件。车架的设计考虑了材料的疲劳寿命，研究工作中展示了其结果。用于制造车架的材料是EN AW6063铝合金，这使得车架既轻便又坚固。
