Holatko Jiri, Hammerschmiedt Tereza, Kucerik Jiri, Baltazar Tivadar, Radziemska Maja, Havlicek Zdenek, Kintl Antonin, Jaskulska Iwona, Malicek Ondrej, Brtnicky Martin
Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Agrovyzkum Rapotin, Ltd., Vyzkumniku 267, 788 13 Rapotin, Czech Republic.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Dec 16;15(24):9003. doi: 10.3390/ma15249003.
Conversion of poultry litter into fertilizer presents an environmentally friendly way for its disposal. The amendment of stabilizing sorption materials (e.g., biochar) to broiler chicken rearing seems promising, as it protects produced litter from nutrient losses and improves fertilizing efficacy. Thus, a pot experiment was carried out with maize and organic fertilizers produced from biochar-amended chicken bedding. The properties of three types of poultry-matured litter, amended with biochar at 0%, 10% and 20% dose, were analyzed. These matured litters were added to soil and physicochemical, biological properties and dry aboveground crop biomass yield were determined. Both biochar doses improved matured litter dry matter (+29%, +68% compared to unamended litter) and organic carbon (+5%, +9%). All three fertilizers significantly increased dry plant aboveground biomass yield (+3% and +42% compared to control litter-treated variant) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity (+51%, +57%) compared to unamended control soil. The 20% biochar poultry-matured litter derived the highest dry plant aboveground biomass, highest respiration induced by D-glucose (+53%) and D-mannose (+35%, compared to control litter-treated variant), and decreased pH (-6% compared to unamended control). Biochar-derived modification of poultry litter maturation process led to organic fertilizer which enhanced degradation of soil organic matter in the subsequently amended soil. Furthermore, this type of fertilizer, compared to conventional unamended litter-based type, increased microbial activity, nutrient availability, and biomass yield of maize in selected biochar doses, even under conditions of significant soil acidification.
将家禽粪便转化为肥料是一种环保的处理方式。在肉鸡饲养中添加稳定吸附材料（如生物炭）似乎很有前景，因为它可以防止产生的粪便养分流失并提高施肥效果。因此，进行了一项盆栽试验，使用由生物炭改良鸡舍垫料制成的玉米和有机肥料。分析了三种类型的家禽腐熟粪便的性质，它们分别添加了0%、10%和20%剂量的生物炭。将这些腐熟粪便添加到土壤中，并测定土壤的理化性质、生物学性质以及地上作物干生物量产量。两种生物炭剂量均提高了腐熟粪便的干物质含量（与未改良粪便相比分别增加了29%、68%）和有机碳含量（分别增加了5%、9%）。与未改良的对照土壤相比，所有三种肥料均显著提高了地上植物干生物量产量（与对照粪便处理变体相比分别增加了3%和42%）以及N-乙酰-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性（分别增加了51%、57%）。20%生物炭家禽腐熟粪便产生的地上植物干生物量最高，D-葡萄糖诱导的呼吸作用最强（与对照粪便处理变体相比增加了53%），D-甘露糖诱导的呼吸作用次之（增加了35%），并且降低了pH值（与未改良对照相比降低了6%）。生物炭对家禽粪便腐熟过程的改性导致形成了有机肥料，该肥料增强了后续改良土壤中土壤有机质的降解。此外，与传统的未改良粪便基肥料相比，这种类型的肥料在选定的生物炭剂量下，即使在土壤显著酸化的条件下，也能提高微生物活性养分有效性和玉米的生物量产量。
