Karmaoui Ahmed, Sereno Denis, El Jaafari Samir, Hajji Lhoussain
Bioactives, Health and Environmental, Epigenetics Team, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Errachidia (UMI) and Moroccan Center for Culture and Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50050, Morocco.
InterTryp, IRD-CIRAD, Parasitology Infectiology and Public Health Research Group, University Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 2;10(12):2391. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122391.
In North African countries, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a seasonal disease linked to , Scopoli, 1786, the primary proven vector of dynamics. Even if the disease is of public health importance, studies of seasonal dynamics are often local and dispersed in space and time. Therefore, a detailed picture of the biology and behavior of the vector linked with climatic factors and the framework of ZCL outbreaks is still lacking at the North African countries' level. Our study aims to fill this gap via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the seasonal incidence of ZCL and the activity of in North African countries. We address the relationship between the seasonal number of declared ZCL cases, the seasonal dynamic of , and climatic variables at the North African region scale.
We selected 585 publications, dissertations, and archives data published from 1990 to July 2022. The monthly incidence data of ZCL were extracted from 15 documents and those on the seasonal dynamic of from 11 publications from four North African countries.
Our analysis disclosed that for most studied sites, the highest ZCL incidence is recorded from October to February (the hibernal season of the vector), while the density peaks primarily during the hot season of June to September. Overall, at the North African region scale, two to four months laps are present before the apparition of the scars reminiscent of infection by .
Such analysis is of interest to regional decision-makers for planning control of ZCL in North African countries. They can also be a rationale on which future field studies combining ZCL disease incidence, vector activity, and climatic data can be built.
在北非国家，人兽共患皮肤利什曼病（ZCL）是一种与1786年的斯氏按蚊相关的季节性疾病，斯氏按蚊是该病的主要经证实的传播媒介。即便该疾病具有公共卫生重要性，但关于其季节性动态的研究往往是局部的，且在空间和时间上较为分散。因此，在北非国家层面，仍缺乏与气候因素以及ZCL暴发框架相关的传播媒介生物学和行为的详细情况。我们的研究旨在通过对北非国家ZCL的季节性发病率以及斯氏按蚊的活动进行系统综述和荟萃分析来填补这一空白。我们探讨了北非区域尺度上报告的ZCL病例的季节性数量、斯氏按蚊的季节性动态与气候变量之间的关系。
我们选取了1990年至2022年7月发表的585篇出版物、学位论文和档案数据。ZCL的月度发病率数据从15份文献中提取，而关于斯氏按蚊季节性动态的数据从来自四个北非国家的11篇出版物中提取。
我们的分析表明，对于大多数研究地点，ZCL发病率最高出现在10月至2月（传播媒介的冬眠季节），而斯氏按蚊密度峰值主要出现在6月至9月的炎热季节。总体而言，在北非区域尺度上，在出现让人联想到被斯氏按蚊感染的疤痕之前有两到四个月的间隔。
这样的分析对区域决策者在规划北非国家ZCL的控制方面具有参考价值。它们也可以作为未来结合ZCL疾病发病率、传播媒介活动和气候数据的实地研究的理论基础。
