Kim Su-Hyeon, Yehuala Gashaw Assefa, Bang Won Yeong, Yang Jungwoo, Jung Young Hoon, Park Mi-Kyung
School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 16;10(12):2494. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122494.
The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of (BS) IDCC1101, newly isolated from Cheonggukjang in Korea. Genome sequencing of BS IDCC1101 was performed to investigate the presence of secondary metabolites, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and mobile elements. Its phenotypic safety analyses included antibiotic susceptibility, enzyme activity, carbohydrate utilization, production of biogenic amines (BAs) and D-/L-lactate, hemolytic activity, and toxicities in HaCaT cells and rats. The genome of BS IDCC1101 consisted of 4,118,950 bp with 3077 functional genes. Among them, antimicrobial and antifungal secondary metabolites were found, such as fengycin, bacillibactin, and bacilysin. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes did not exhibit transferability since they did not overlap with mobile elements in the genome. BS IDCC1101 was susceptible to almost all antibiotics suggested for assessment of BS's antibiotic susceptibility by EFSA guidelines, except for streptomycin. BS IDCC1101 showed the utilization of a wide range of 27 carbohydrates, as well as enzyme activities such as alkaline phosphatase, esterase, esterase lipase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities. Additionally, BS IDCC1101 did not exhibit the production of D-/L-lactate and hemolytic activities. Its toxicity in HaCaT cells and rats was also not detected. Thus, these genotypic and phenotypic findings indicate that BS IDCC1101 can be safely used for industrial applications.
本研究旨在评估从韩国清国酱中新分离出的BS IDCC1101的安全性。对BS IDCC1101进行了基因组测序，以调查其次级代谢产物、毒力、抗生素抗性和移动元件的存在情况。其表型安全性分析包括抗生素敏感性、酶活性、碳水化合物利用、生物胺（BAs）和D-/L-乳酸的产生、溶血活性以及在HaCaT细胞和大鼠中的毒性。BS IDCC1101的基因组由4,118,950个碱基对组成，有3077个功能基因。其中发现了抗微生物和抗真菌的次级代谢产物，如丰原素、杆菌铁载体和杆菌溶素。抗生素抗性和毒力基因不具有转移性，因为它们在基因组中不与移动元件重叠。除链霉素外，BS IDCC1101对欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）指南建议用于评估芽孢杆菌抗生素敏感性的几乎所有抗生素均敏感。BS IDCC1101显示出对27种碳水化合物的广泛利用，以及碱性磷酸酶、酯酶、酯酶脂肪酶、萘酚-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶等酶活性。此外，BS IDCC1101未表现出D-/L-乳酸的产生和溶血活性。在HaCaT细胞和大鼠中也未检测到其毒性。因此，这些基因型和表型结果表明，BS IDCC1101可安全用于工业应用。
