Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, C.so Savoia, 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy.
Molecules. 2022 Dec 8;27(24):8675. doi: 10.3390/molecules27248675.
Anthocyanins are natural pigments that give a red, purple, and blue color to many plant, flower, fruit, and vegetable species. Their presence within the genus was first reported in 1916, and it is well-known that the red color of the flesh and rind of blood (red or pigmented) oranges ( L. Osbeck) is due to the presence of anthocyanins. They are also present in the young shoots, flowers, and peel of lemon ( (L.) Burm. f.), citron ( L.), and other citrus species. Since then, the scientific community has expressed increasing interest in studying their profile and distribution, with many published studies focused on the quali-quantitative pattern in the different vegetative tissues belonging to the genus . Moreover, with the discovery of their relevant antioxidant activity, owing to their ability to capture free radicals, much research has been performed in the last two decades on their radical scavenging power, in vitro and in vivo biological properties, and anticarcinogenic capacity, also focusing attention on their bioavailability for humans. The present work is intended as a comprehensive review of the advances in scientific research on anthocyanin pigments naturally occurring within the genus , including their natural distribution, antioxidant capacity, bioavailability, and biological value and properties. The scientific evidence herein reported can be used to further increase the knowledge of this class of compounds and represents a valuable and comprehensive contribution to promoting anthocyanin-rich citrus fruit consumption as a healthy dietary habit.
花色苷是一种天然色素，使许多植物、花卉、水果和蔬菜呈现红色、紫色和蓝色。1916 年首次报道了该属植物中花色苷的存在，众所周知，血橙（L. Osbeck）的果肉和果皮的红色（或着色）是由于花色苷的存在。它们也存在于青柠（(L.) Burm. f.）、香橼（L.）和其他柑橘属植物的嫩枝、花朵和果皮中。从那时起，科学界对研究其特征和分布表现出越来越大的兴趣，许多已发表的研究集中在该属不同营养组织中的定性定量模式上。此外，由于其捕获自由基的能力，花色苷具有相关的抗氧化活性，在过去的二十年中，对其清除自由基能力、体外和体内生物特性以及抗癌能力进行了大量研究，同时也关注了其对人类的生物利用度。本工作旨在对该属植物中天然存在的花色苷色素的科学研究进展进行全面综述，包括其天然分布、抗氧化能力、生物利用度和生物价值和特性。本文报道的科学证据可用于进一步增加对这一类化合物的了解，并为促进富含花色苷的柑橘类水果作为健康饮食习惯的消费提供有价值的综合贡献。
