Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
Nutrients. 2022 Dec 14;14(24):5305. doi: 10.3390/nu14245305.
There has been considerable interest in dietary supplements in the last two decades. Companies are releasing new specifics at an alarming pace, while dietary supplements are one of the less-studied substances released for public consumption. However, access to state-of-the-art and high-throughput techniques, such as the ones used in omics, make it possible to check the impact of a substance on human transcriptome or proteome and provide answers to whether its use is reasonable and beneficial. In this review, the main domains of omics are briefly introduced. The review focuses on the three most widely used omics techniques: NGS, LC-MS, NMR, and their usefulness in studying dietary supplements. Examples of studies are described for some of the most commonly supplemented substances, such as vitamins: D, E, A, and plant extracts: resveratrol, green tea, ginseng, and curcumin extract. Techniques used in omics have proven to be useful in studying dietary supplements. NGS techniques are helpful in identifying pathways that change upon supplementation and determining polymorphisms or conditions that qualify for the necessity of a given supplementation. LC-MS techniques are used to establish the serum content of supplemented a compound and its effects on metabolites. Both LC-MS and NMR help establish the actual composition of a compound, its primary and secondary metabolites, and its potential toxicity. Moreover, NMR techniques determine what conditions affect the effectiveness of supplementation.
在过去的二十年中，人们对膳食补充剂产生了浓厚的兴趣。公司以惊人的速度推出新的特定产品，而膳食补充剂是研究较少的公众消费物质之一。然而，先进的高通量技术，如组学中使用的技术，使得检查物质对人类转录组或蛋白质组的影响并回答其使用是否合理和有益成为可能。在这篇综述中，简要介绍了组学的主要领域。本文重点介绍了三种最广泛使用的组学技术：NGS、LC-MS 和 NMR，以及它们在研究膳食补充剂中的有用性。描述了一些最常见的补充物质的研究示例，如维生素：D、E、A 和植物提取物：白藜芦醇、绿茶、人参和姜黄素提取物。组学技术已被证明在研究膳食补充剂方面非常有用。NGS 技术有助于识别补充后发生变化的途径，并确定是否存在需要补充的多态性或条件。LC-MS 技术用于确定补充化合物的血清含量及其对代谢物的影响。LC-MS 和 NMR 都有助于确定化合物的实际组成、其主要和次要代谢物及其潜在毒性。此外，NMR 技术确定了哪些条件会影响补充的效果。
