de Moura Ingrid Andrêssa, Silva Anna Jéssica Duarte, de Macêdo Larissa Silva, Invenção Maria da Conceição Viana, de Sousa Mylenna Máyra Gois, de Freitas Antonio Carlos
Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy-LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
Pathogens. 2022 Nov 30;11(12):1444. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11121444.
Prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) have proven efficacy in those who have not been infected by the virus. However, they do not benefit patients with established tumors. Therefore, the development of therapeutic options for HPV-related malignancies is critical. Third-generation vaccines based on nucleic acids are fast and simple approaches to eliciting adaptive immune responses. However, techniques to boost immunogenicity, reduce degradation, and facilitate their capture by immune cells are frequently required. One option to overcome this constraint is to employ delivery systems that allow selective antigen absorption and help modulate the immune response. This review aimed to discuss the influence of these different systems on the response generated by nucleic acid vaccines. The results indicate that delivery systems based on lipids, polymers, and microorganisms such as yeasts can be used to ensure the stability and transport of nucleic acid vaccines to their respective protein synthesis compartments. Thus, in view of the limitations of nucleic acid-based vaccines, it is important to consider the type of delivery system to be used-due to its impact on the immune response and desired final effect.
针对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的预防性疫苗已在未感染该病毒的人群中证实具有疗效。然而，它们对已确诊患有肿瘤的患者并无益处。因此，开发针对HPV相关恶性肿瘤的治疗方案至关重要。基于核酸的第三代疫苗是引发适应性免疫反应的快速且简便的方法。然而，通常需要提高免疫原性、减少降解并促进免疫细胞捕获的技术。克服这一限制的一种选择是采用能够实现选择性抗原吸收并有助于调节免疫反应的递送系统。本综述旨在探讨这些不同系统对核酸疫苗所产生反应的影响。结果表明，基于脂质、聚合物以及酵母等微生物的递送系统可用于确保核酸疫苗的稳定性，并将其运输至各自的蛋白质合成区室。因此，鉴于基于核酸的疫苗存在的局限性，考虑所使用的递送系统类型非常重要，因为它会对免疫反应和预期的最终效果产生影响。
