Silva Anna Jéssica Duarte, de Sousa Mylenna Máyra Gois, de Macêdo Larissa Silva, de França Neto Pedro Luiz, de Moura Ingrid Andrêssa, Espinoza Benigno Cristofer Flores, Invenção Maria Da Conceição Viana, de Pinho Samara Sousa, da Gama Marco Antonio Turiah Machado, de Freitas Antonio Carlos
Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy-LEMTE, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Aug 7;11(8):1334. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11081334.
In the last decades, technological advances for RNA manipulation enabled and expanded its application in vaccine development. This approach comprises synthetic single-stranded mRNA molecules that direct the translation of the antigen responsible for activating the desired immune response. The success of RNA vaccines depends on the delivery vehicle. Among the systems, yeasts emerge as a new approach, already employed to deliver protein antigens, with efficacy demonstrated through preclinical and clinical trials. β-glucans and mannans in their walls are responsible for the adjuvant property of this system. Yeast β-glucan capsules, microparticles, and nanoparticles can modulate immune responses and have a high capacity to carry nucleic acids, with bioavailability upon oral immunization and targeting to receptors present in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, yeasts are suitable vehicles for the protection and specific delivery of therapeutic vaccines based on RNAi. Compared to protein antigens, the use of yeast for DNA or RNA vaccine delivery is less established and has fewer studies, most of them in the preclinical phase. Here, we present an overview of the attributes of yeast or its derivatives for the delivery of RNA-based vaccines, discussing the current challenges and prospects of this promising strategy.
在过去几十年中，RNA操作技术的进步推动并扩展了其在疫苗开发中的应用。这种方法包括合成单链mRNA分子，这些分子指导负责激活所需免疫反应的抗原的翻译。RNA疫苗的成功取决于递送载体。在各种系统中，酵母成为一种新方法，已被用于递送蛋白质抗原，并通过临床前和临床试验证明了其有效性。酵母细胞壁中的β-葡聚糖和甘露聚糖赋予了该系统佐剂特性。酵母β-葡聚糖胶囊、微粒和纳米颗粒可以调节免疫反应，并且具有高核酸承载能力，口服免疫后具有生物利用度，并能靶向抗原呈递细胞（APC）中存在的受体。此外，酵母是基于RNA干扰的治疗性疫苗保护和特异性递送的合适载体。与蛋白质抗原相比，使用酵母进行DNA或RNA疫苗递送的研究较少，且大多处于临床前阶段。在此，我们概述了酵母或其衍生物用于递送基于RNA的疫苗的特性，讨论了这一有前景策略当前面临的挑战和前景。
