School of Rehabilitation Science and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266024, PR China.
Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
Theranostics. 2022 May 13;12(9):4081-4109. doi: 10.7150/thno.70853. eCollection 2022.
Nucleic acid vaccines, especially messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, display unique benefits in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The application of polymeric materials as delivery carriers has greatly promoted nucleic acid vaccine as a promising prophylactic and therapeutic strategy. The inherent properties of polymeric materials render nucleic acid vaccines with excellent in vivo stability, enhanced biosafety, specific cellular uptake, endolysosomal escape, and promoted antigen expression. Although polymeric delivery of nucleic acid vaccines has progressed significantly in the past decades, clinical translation of polymer-gene vaccine systems still faces insurmountable challenges. This review summarizes the diverse polymers and their characterizations and representative formulations for nucleic acid vaccine delivery. We also discussed existing problems, coping strategies, and prospect relevant to applications of nucleic acid vaccines and polymeric carriers. This review highlights the rational design and development of polymeric vaccine delivery systems towards meeting the goals of defending serious or emerging diseases.
核酸疫苗，特别是信使 RNA（mRNA）疫苗，在当前的 COVID-19 大流行中显示出独特的优势。聚合物材料作为递送载体的应用极大地促进了核酸疫苗作为一种有前途的预防和治疗策略。聚合物材料的固有特性使核酸疫苗具有优异的体内稳定性、增强的生物安全性、特异性细胞摄取、内体/溶酶体逃逸和促进抗原表达。尽管在过去几十年中，核酸疫苗的聚合物递送已经取得了显著进展，但聚合物-基因疫苗系统的临床转化仍然面临着不可逾越的挑战。本综述总结了用于核酸疫苗递送的各种聚合物及其特性和代表性制剂。我们还讨论了与核酸疫苗和聚合物载体的应用相关的现有问题、应对策略和前景。本综述强调了合理设计和开发聚合物疫苗递送系统，以实现预防严重或新兴疾病的目标。
