Khan Tanzeel, Waseem Rashid, Zehra Zainy, Aiman Ayesha, Bhardwaj Priyanka, Ansari Jaoud, Hassan Md Imtaiyaz, Islam Asimul
Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Nov 30;14(12):2657. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122657.
Mitochondria are implicated in a wide range of functions apart from ATP generation, and, therefore, constitute one of the most important organelles of cell. Since healthy mitochondria are essential for proper cellular functioning and survival, mitochondrial dysfunction may lead to various pathologies. Mitochondria are considered a novel and promising therapeutic target for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of various human diseases including metabolic disorders, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. For mitochondria-targeted therapy, there is a need to develop an effective drug delivery approach, owing to the mitochondrial special bilayer structure through which therapeutic molecules undergo multiple difficulties in reaching the core. In recent years, various nanoformulations have been designed such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles conjugate with mitochondriotropic moieties such as mitochondria-penetrating peptides (MPPs), triphenylphosphonium (TPP), dequalinium (DQA), and mitochondrial protein import machinery for overcoming barriers involved in targeting mitochondria. The current approaches used for mitochondria-targeted drug delivery have provided promising ways to overcome the challenges associated with targeted-drug delivery. Herein, we review the research from past years to the current scenario that has identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of various diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advancements in mitochondria-targeted drug delivery strategies for the pathologies associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
线粒体除了产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）外，还参与多种功能，因此是细胞中最重要的细胞器之一。由于健康的线粒体对于细胞的正常功能和存活至关重要，线粒体功能障碍可能导致各种病理状况。线粒体被认为是诊断、治疗和预防包括代谢紊乱、癌症和神经退行性疾病在内的各种人类疾病的一个新的且有前景的治疗靶点。对于线粒体靶向治疗，由于线粒体特殊的双层结构，治疗分子在到达线粒体内核时会遇到多重困难，因此需要开发一种有效的药物递送方法。近年来，人们设计了各种纳米制剂，如聚合物纳米颗粒、脂质体、与线粒体靶向部分（如线粒体穿透肽（MPP）、三苯基膦（TPP）、地喹氯铵（DQA））共轭的无机纳米颗粒，以及线粒体蛋白质导入机制，以克服靶向线粒体过程中涉及的障碍。目前用于线粒体靶向药物递送的方法为克服与靶向药物递送相关的挑战提供了有前景的途径。在此，我们回顾了从过去几年到当前的研究情况，这些研究已确定线粒体功能障碍是各种疾病病理生理学的主要促成因素。此外，我们还讨论了针对与线粒体功能障碍相关的病症的线粒体靶向药物递送策略的最新进展。
