Swaminathan Sivakumar, Lionetti Vincenzo, Zabotina Olga A
Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Dec 15;11(24):3539. doi: 10.3390/plants11243539.
A plant cell wall is a highly complex structure consisting of networks of polysaccharides, proteins, and polyphenols that dynamically change during growth and development in various tissues. The cell wall not only acts as a physical barrier but also dynamically responds to disturbances caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants have well-established surveillance mechanisms to detect any cell wall perturbations. Specific immune signaling pathways are triggered to contrast biotic or abiotic forces, including cascades dedicated to reinforcing the cell wall structure. This review summarizes the recent developments in molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of cell wall integrity in plant-pathogen and parasitic interactions. Subjects such as the effect of altered expression of endogenous plant cell-wall-related genes or apoplastic expression of microbial cell-wall-modifying enzymes on cell wall integrity are covered. Targeted genetic modifications as a tool to study the potential of cell wall elicitors, priming of signaling pathways, and the outcome of disease resistance phenotypes are also discussed. The prime importance of understanding the intricate details and complete picture of plant immunity emerges, ultimately to engineer new strategies to improve crop productivity and sustainability.
植物细胞壁是一种高度复杂的结构，由多糖、蛋白质和多酚网络组成，这些成分在不同组织的生长和发育过程中会动态变化。细胞壁不仅作为物理屏障，还能动态响应生物和非生物胁迫引起的干扰。植物拥有完善的监测机制来检测任何细胞壁扰动。特定的免疫信号通路会被触发，以对抗生物或非生物力量，包括致力于加强细胞壁结构的级联反应。本综述总结了植物-病原体和寄生相互作用中维持细胞壁完整性的分子机制的最新进展。涵盖了诸如内源性植物细胞壁相关基因表达改变或微生物细胞壁修饰酶的质外体表达对细胞壁完整性的影响等主题。还讨论了作为研究细胞壁激发子潜力、信号通路引发以及抗病表型结果的工具的靶向基因修饰。理解植物免疫的复杂细节和全貌至关重要，最终目的是设计新策略来提高作物生产力和可持续性。
