College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266110, China.
School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Dec 8;22(24):9619. doi: 10.3390/s22249619.
The additional energy consumption caused by the incompatibility between existing electric vehicle (EV) powertrain characteristics and driving conditions inevitably curbs the promotion and development of EVs. Hence, there is an urgent demand for the driving-adapt strategy, which aims to minimize EV energy consumption due to both powertrain characteristics and driving conditions. In order to fully explore the EV driving-adapt potential, this paper equips the EV with a magneto-rheological fluid transmission (MRFT). First, an EV dynamics analysis of the driving conditions, the powertrain model considering the energy transmission process, and the driving-adapt transmission model considering magneto-rheological fluid (MRF) is conducted to clarify the quantitative relation between the driving conditions and the powertrain. Second, a driving-adapt optimization strategy in the specific driving condition is proposed. Finally, the results and discussions are executed to study (i) the determination of the MRFT fixed speed ratio and variable speed ratio range, (ii) the application potential analysis of the proposed strategy, and (iii) the feasibility analysis of the proposed strategy. The results indicate that (i) the urban driving condition has higher requirements for the MRFT, (ii) EVs equipped with MRFT achieve the expected driving performance at the most states of charge (SOCs) and environmental temperatures, except for the SOC lower than 10%, and (iii) the driving time with efficiency greater than 80% can be increased by the MRFT from 10.1% to 58.7% and from 66.8% to 88.8% in the urban and suburban driving conditions, respectively. Thus, the proposed driving-adapt strategy for the EV equipped with the MRFT has the potential to alleviate or eliminate the traffic problems caused by the incompatibility of the EV powertrain characteristics and the driving conditions.
由于现有电动汽车（EV）动力传动系统特性与驾驶条件之间的不兼容而导致的额外能耗，不可避免地限制了电动汽车的推广和发展。因此，迫切需要一种驾驶自适应策略，该策略旨在最小化由于动力传动系统特性和驾驶条件而导致的电动汽车能耗。为了充分挖掘电动汽车的驾驶自适应潜力，本文为电动汽车配备了磁流变液变速器（MRFT）。首先，对驾驶条件下的电动汽车动力学分析、考虑能量传递过程的动力传动系统模型以及考虑磁流变液（MRF）的驾驶自适应传动模型进行了分析，以明确驾驶条件与动力传动系统之间的定量关系。其次，提出了一种在特定驾驶条件下的驾驶自适应优化策略。最后，进行了结果和讨论，以研究（i）MRFT 固定速比和变速比范围的确定，（ii）所提出策略的应用潜力分析，以及（iii）所提出策略的可行性分析。结果表明：（i）城市驾驶条件对 MRFT 有更高的要求；（ii）配备 MRFT 的电动汽车在大多数荷电状态（SOC）和环境温度下都能达到预期的驾驶性能，除了 SOC 低于 10%的情况外；（iii）MRFT 可将城市和郊区驾驶条件下效率大于 80%的驾驶时间分别从 10.1%增加到 58.7%和从 66.8%增加到 88.8%。因此，所提出的配备 MRFT 的电动汽车驾驶自适应策略具有缓解或消除电动汽车动力传动系统特性与驾驶条件不兼容所导致的交通问题的潜力。
