Mandegary Ali, Sharififar Fariba, Sheibani Vahid, Nasehi Naghmeh, Asadi Amir, Mirtadzadini Mansour, Hassanabadi Navid
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Basic Clin Neurosci. 2022 Jul-Aug;13(4):501-510. doi: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2446.1. Epub 2022 Jul 1.
Textured soy protein (TSP) and nuts are two processed forms of soybean ( L.) that are widely consumed for nutritional purposes in Iran. Recently, we have reported the antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of raw soybean (RS) attributed to isoflavones, such as genistein. In this work, we aimed to compare antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of TSP, nuts, and RS to select the most effective one for learning capacity and spatial memory studies.
Genistein content was determined using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), while diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to study antioxidant evaluation and Ellman's colorimetric method was used to measure anticholinesterase. TSP extract (TSPE) was administered to male rats (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p] for 7 days) before scopolamine injection (1 mg/kg). Learning capacity and spatial memory were evaluated using passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) methods compared to physostigmine and piracetam.
The greatest antioxidant and anticholinesterase effect was observed for TSPE, which significantly prolonged initially latency in PTA (P<0.05) and improved all indicators in the MWM test at 200 mg/kg.
The memory-improving effect of TSPE may be due to its antioxidant and anticholinesterase effect as well as neuroprotective effects of its isoflavones.
Different samples (nuts-raw soybeans-TSP) prepared from soybeans.All samples exhibited antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase effects in vitro studies.TSP showed the most biological activity and the greatest genistein content.TSP significantly improved memory and learning indicators at 200 mg/kg.These effects are attributed to its antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity.Plant isoflavones have neuroprotective effects.
Alzheimer's disease (AD), is one of the problems of the elderly society, which has a lot of emotional and financial costs. AD is a type of progressive brain disease in which neurons are destroyed and memory is lost. This disease currently has no definitive treatment and the only way is to prevent the disease from spreading. Much research has been devoted to finding suitable and effective treatments for AD. Many food and herbal medicines have shown to be effective in controlling this disease. Soybean is a plant that is widely used as food and snacks in Iran in different ways. In this study, we prepared three preparation from soya beans which have been widely used by Iranian people including raw soya, nut (roasted form) and textured soy protein (TSP). The effect of these preparations have been studied on memory and learning in amnestic rats through different pharmacological studies. The results indicated that TSP due to antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity significantly can augment memory enhancing and learning ability Alzheimer's disease (AD), is one of the problems of the elderly society, which has a lot of emotional and financial costs. AD is a type of progressive brain disease in which neurons are destroyed and memory is lost. This disease currently has no definitive treatment and the only way is to prevent the disease from spreading. Much research has been devoted to finding suitable and effective treatments for AD. Many food and herbal medicines have shown to be effective in controlling this disease. Soybean is a plant that is widely used as food and snacks in Iran in different ways. In this study, we prepared three preparation from soya beans which have been widely used by Iranian people including raw soya, nut (roasted form) and textured soy protein (TSP). The effect of these preparations have been studied on memory and learning in amnestic rats through different pharmacological studies. The results indicated that TSP due to antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity significantly can augment memory enhancing and learning ability. TSP also contains some phytochemicals such as phytoestrogens which have shown neuroprotective activity in different studies.
组织化大豆蛋白（TSP）和坚果是大豆的两种加工形式，在伊朗被广泛用于营养目的。最近，我们报道了生大豆（RS）中归因于染料木黄酮等异黄酮的抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶作用。在这项工作中，我们旨在比较TSP、坚果和RS的抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶作用，以选择对学习能力和空间记忆研究最有效的一种。
使用高效薄层色谱法（HPTLC）测定染料木黄酮含量，采用二苯基苦味酰基自由基清除法（DPPH）和铁还原抗氧化能力法（FRAP）研究抗氧化性能，并用埃尔曼比色法测量抗胆碱酯酶活性。在注射东莨菪碱（1mg/kg）前，将TSP提取物（TSPE）以100mg/kg、200mg/kg和400mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射给雄性大鼠7天。与毒扁豆碱和吡拉西坦相比，使用被动回避试验（PAT）和莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）方法评估学习能力和空间记忆。
TSPE表现出最大的抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶作用，在200mg/kg时显著延长了PTA的初始潜伏期（P<0.05），并改善了MWM试验中的所有指标。
TSPE的记忆改善作用可能归因于其抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶作用以及异黄酮的神经保护作用。
从大豆制备了不同样品（坚果-生大豆-TSP）。所有样品在体外研究中均表现出抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶作用。TSP显示出最强的生物活性和最高的染料木黄酮含量。TSP在200mg/kg时显著改善了记忆和学习指标。这些作用归因于其抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性。植物异黄酮具有神经保护作用。
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是老年社会面临的问题之一，会带来巨大的情感和经济成本。AD是一种进行性脑部疾病，其中神经元被破坏且记忆丧失。这种疾病目前尚无确切的治疗方法，唯一的办法是防止疾病扩散。许多研究致力于寻找适合且有效的AD治疗方法。许多食品和草药已被证明对控制这种疾病有效。大豆是一种在伊朗被广泛以不同方式用作食物和零食的植物。在本研究中，我们从大豆制备了三种制剂，包括生大豆、坚果（烤制形式）和组织化大豆蛋白（TSP），伊朗人广泛使用这些制剂。通过不同的药理学研究，研究了这些制剂对记忆缺失大鼠记忆和学习的影响。结果表明，由于抗氧化和抗胆碱酯酶活性，TSP能显著增强记忆和学习能力。TSP还含有一些植物化学物质，如植物雌激素，在不同研究中已显示出神经保护活性。
