Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Essays Biochem. 2023 Apr 18;67(3):597-613. doi: 10.1042/EBC20220124.
The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.
铜自由基氧化酶（CROs）是一个进化和功能多样化的酶组，由历史上重要的真菌来源的半乳糖 6-氧化酶和乙二醛氧化酶建立。CROs 于 2013 年被引入，现在构成碳水化合物活性酶（CAZy）分类中的辅助活性家族 5（AA5）。CROs 利用氧气作为最终电子受体，催化底物的两电子氧化，其特征特别在于与自由基稳定有关的交联酪氨酸-半胱氨酸辅因子。最近，生物化学和结构表征的 CROs 显著增加，这揭示了该家族中催化活性的自然多样性的扩展。本综述简要介绍了 CRO 的生物化学和结构生物学，作为更新 CRO 酶学、生物技术和生命王国生物学中当前进展的基础。
