Spencer Katie L, Deere Nicolas J, Aini Muhammad, Avriandy Ryan, Campbell-Smith Gail, Cheyne Susan M, Gaveau David L A, Humle Tatyana, Hutabarat Joseph, Loken Brent, Macdonald David W, Marshall Andrew J, Morgans Courtney, Rayadin Yaya, Sanchez Karmele L, Spehar Stephanie, Sugardjito Jito, Wittmer Heiko U, Supriatna Jatna, Struebig Matthew J
Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 25;866:161075. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161075. Epub 2022 Dec 21.
Indonesia is embarking on an ambitious relocation of its capital city to Kalimantan, Borneo, bringing with it major urban and road infrastructure. Yet, despite being one of the world's most biologically diverse regions, the potential implications of this development for wildlife have yet to be fully assessed. We explored the potential impacts of the capital relocation, and road expansion and upgrades to critical habitat for medium-large mammals (>1 kg) using camera trap data from 11 forested landscapes. We applied Bayesian multi-species occupancy models to predict community and species-level responses to anthropogenic and environmental factors. We extrapolated spatial patterns of occupancy and species diversity across the forests of Kalimantan and identified "critical habitats" as the top 20 percentile of occupancy and species richness values. We subsequently overlapped these critical habitat layers with infrastructure impact zones to estimate the area that could potentially be affected by direct or secondary impacts. At both the community and species-level, distance to primary roads had the strongest negative influence on habitat-use. Occupancy was also influenced by forest quality and multidimensional poverty conditions in adjacent villages, demonstrating the sensitivity of biodiversity to socio-ecological pressures. Less than 1 % of the critical habitat for the threatened mammal community lay within the direct impact zone (30 km radius) of the capital relocation. However, approximately 16 % was located within 200 km and could potentially be affected by uncontrolled secondary impacts such as urban sprawl and associated regional development. The often-overlooked secondary implications of upgrading existing roads could also intersect a large amount of critical habitat for lowland species. Mitigating far-reaching secondary impacts of infrastructure development should be fully incorporated into environmental impact assessments. This will provide Indonesia with an opportunity to set an example of sustainable infrastructure development in the tropics.
印度尼西亚正着手将首都迁往婆罗洲的加里曼丹，这将带来大规模的城市和道路基础设施建设。然而，尽管该地区是世界上生物多样性最丰富的地区之一，但这一发展对野生动物的潜在影响尚未得到充分评估。我们利用来自11个森林景观的相机陷阱数据，探讨了首都搬迁以及道路扩建和升级对大中型哺乳动物（体重>1千克）关键栖息地的潜在影响。我们应用贝叶斯多物种占用模型来预测群落和物种水平对人为和环境因素的反应。我们推断了加里曼丹森林中占用率和物种多样性的空间模式，并将“关键栖息地”确定为占用率和物种丰富度值最高的前20%。随后，我们将这些关键栖息地图层与基础设施影响区域重叠，以估计可能受到直接或间接影响的面积。在群落和物种层面，与主要道路的距离对栖息地利用的负面影响最大。占用率还受到森林质量和相邻村庄多维贫困状况的影响，这表明生物多样性对社会生态压力很敏感。受威胁哺乳动物群落的关键栖息地中，不到1%位于首都搬迁的直接影响区域（半径30公里）内。然而，约16%位于200公里范围内，可能受到城市扩张和相关区域发展等不受控制的间接影响。升级现有道路往往被忽视的间接影响也可能与大量低地物种的关键栖息地相交。减轻基础设施发展的深远间接影响应充分纳入环境影响评估。这将为印度尼西亚提供一个在热带地区树立可持续基础设施发展典范的机会。
