Guimarães Anderson Nascimento, Porto Alessandra Beggiato, Marcori Alexandre Jehan, Lage Guilherme Menezes, Altimari Leandro Ricardo, Alves Okazaki Victor Hugo
State University of Londrina, Londrina. Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Pr 445, Km 380, Cx. Postal 10.011, CEP 86057-970, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes 65, CEP 05508-030, Vila Universitaria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Neuropsychologia. 2023 Jan 28;179:108463. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108463. Epub 2022 Dec 23.
TDCS is one of the most commonly used methods among studies with transcranial electrical stimulation and motor skills learning. Differences between study results suggest that the effect of tDCS on motor learning is dependent on the motor task performed or on the tDCS assembly specification used in the learning process. This systematic review aimed to analyze the tDCS effect on motor learning and verify whether this effect is dependent on the task or tDCS assembly specifications. Searches were performed in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, and PsycINFO. Articles were included that analyzed the effect of tDCS on motor learning through pre-practice, post-practice, retention, and/or transfer tests (period ≥24 h). The tDCS was most frequently applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) or the cerebellar cortex (CC) and the majority of studies found significant stimulation effects. Studies that analyzed identical or similar motor tasks show divergent results for the tDCS effect, even when the assembly specifications are the same. The tDCS effect is not dependent on motor task characteristics or tDCS assembly specifications alone but is dependent on the interaction between these factors. This interaction occurs between uni and bimanual tasks with anodal uni and bihemispheric (bilateral) stimulations at M1 or with anodal unihemispheric stimulations (unilateral and centrally) at CC, and between tasks of greater or lesser difficulty with single or multiple tDCS sessions. Movement time seems to be more sensitive than errors to indicate the effects of tDCS on motor learning, and a sufficient amount of motor practice to reach the "learning plateau" also seems to determine the effect of tDCS on motor learning.
经颅直流电刺激（TDCS）是经颅电刺激与运动技能学习相关研究中最常用的方法之一。研究结果的差异表明，TDCS对运动学习的影响取决于所执行的运动任务或学习过程中使用的TDCS装置规格。本系统评价旨在分析TDCS对运动学习的影响，并验证这种影响是否取决于任务或TDCS装置规格。检索了PubMed、SciELO、LILACS、Web of Science、CINAHL、Scopus、SPORTDiscus、Cochrane对照试验中心注册库（CENTRAL）、Embase和PsycINFO。纳入的文章通过练习前、练习后、保持和/或迁移测试（时间≥24小时）分析了TDCS对运动学习的影响。TDCS最常应用于初级运动皮层（M1）或小脑皮层（CC），大多数研究发现有显著的刺激效果。即使装置规格相同，分析相同或相似运动任务的研究对于TDCS的效果也显示出不同的结果。TDCS的效果并非仅取决于运动任务特征或TDCS装置规格，而是取决于这些因素之间的相互作用。这种相互作用发生在单双侧任务之间，M1处进行阳极单双侧（双侧）刺激或CC处进行阳极单侧刺激（单侧和中央），以及在单组或多组TDCS治疗中难度较大或较小的任务之间。运动时间似乎比错误对指示TDCS对运动学习的影响更敏感，并且达到“学习平台期”所需的足够量的运动练习似乎也决定了TDCS对运动学习的影响。
